CH23 CBR WARFARE Flashcards
First large scale use of chemical agents?
WWI by Germany
AC
Hydrogen Cyanide (blood)
CK
Cyanogen Chloride (blood)
CG
Phosgene (Pulmonary)
CL
Chlorine (Pulmonary)
CN
Mace (Riot)
CR
Dibenzoxazepine (Riot)
CS
2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (Riot)
CX
Phosgene Oxime (Blister)
DP
Diphosgene (Pulmonary)
DM
Adamsite (Riot)
GA
Tabun (Nerve)
GB
Sarin (Nerve)
GD
Soman (Nerve)
GF
Cyclosarin (Nerve)
H
Mustard (Blister)
HD
Distilled Mustard (Blister)
HN
Nitrogen Mustard (Blister)
L
Lewisite (Blister)
OC
Oleoresin Capsicum (Riot) Neutralize with baby shampoo, milk, veg oil
VX
S-2-ethyl O-ethyl
Chemical agents may be classified as?
LETHAL (10% or greater death rate), NONLETHAL
PERSISTENT, NON_PERSISTENT
High temps effect agents how?
Decrease their persistency
Indicates (LIQUID) nerve agent or blister agent by turning warm hue?
M9
Detects LIQUID chem agents, turns gold/yellow for G class or olive for VX?
M8
Detects nerve gas, mustard gas, and cyanide?
M256A1 (15 min reaction time)
First priority in chemical attack?
Ensure HM survival
How many MOPP levels are there?
5 (0-4)
Mask/hood is worn at what MOPP level?
3
What agent is of greatest concern compared to all other chemical agents?
Nerve
Oderless, almost colorless liquids or vapors varying greatly in viscosity and volatility, moderately soluble in water?
Nerve
Time for nerve agents onset of symptoms?
Seconds to 18hrs
Drug of choice for nerve agents?
Atropine (5-10 min intervals)
Secondary is 2-PAM CL
10mg auto injector used to control convulsions
CANA (Diazepam)
ATNAA will replace what?
Mark I kit
ATNAA contains two chambers that deliver?
2.1mg of Atropine and 600mg 2-PAM CL
Hold autoinjector in place for how long?
10 seconds (wait 10-15 minutes to see if symptoms subside…may give up to three kits)
Three MARK 1 kits should be given immediately under what condition?
Sever symptoms
2 PAM Chloride max dose?
Six doses
Blister agents are known as?
Vesicants
Mustard agents are a major concern due to?
large stockpiles and ease of production
Oily, colorless or pale yellow liquids, sparingly soluble in water?
H, HD, HN
What is less volatile and more persistent than HD?
HN
Arsenic that is light to dark blown liquid and vaporizes slowly?
Lewisite
Mustard smells like?
Garlic, mustard or horseradish
Lewisite smell?
Geranium
Primary cause of death for blister agent?
Massive edema or mechanical pulmonary obstruction
British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) was developed as an antidote for?
Lewisite
Blood agents physical action?
Cellular suffocation
Hydrogen Cyanide (AC) smell?
Bitter Almonds
Cyanides usually dissipate in what time frame
less than 24hrs
Initial treatment of cyanides?
1) Two Amyl nitrite ampules crushed and inhaled until eight ampules, OR IV sodium nitrate 300mg
2) IV Sodium thiosulfate 12.5g (1-2 doses)
Should be considered pulmonary agent?
Smoke and ammonia
Phosgene is a colorless gas that smells like?
New-mown hay/grass
Two classes of riot control/harassment agents?
Lacrimators and vomiting agents
Types of BACTERIAL agents?
Anthrax, Plague, Tularemia
Types of VIRAL agents?
Small Pox, Hemorrhagic Fevers
Types of TOXIN agents?
Ricin, Botulinum, Toxin
Three types of anthrax in humans?
Cutaneous, Pulmonary, Gastro
Most sensitive test for inhalation anthrax?
Chest x-ray
Primary treatment for anthrax?
Antibiotics
FIRST LINE: Ciprofloxacin 500mg BID or Doxy 100mg Q12 hrs
SECOND LINE: Amoxicillin 500mg TID or PEN-G
Anthrax vaccine frequency?
SIX SHOT SERIES…
0.5 ml SubQ @ 0, 2, 4 weeks; then 6, 12, 18 months with annual booster
Yersinia Pestis?
Plague
Forms of plague?
Pneumonic, Bubonic, Septicemic
Pneumonic plague is 100% fatal if treatment does not start within how many hrs?
24
Bubonic plague is characterized by swollen painful lymphn nodes called?
Buboes (usually develop in groin, armpit, neck)
Plague is confirmed how?
Lab testing with positive culture.
Antibiotics for plague?
PRIMARY: Streptomycin, Gentamicin
ALTERNATIVE: Doxy, Cipro, Chloramphenicol
Tularemia AKA “rabbit fever” is caused by what bacterium?
Francisella tularensis (gram negative)
Tularemia was used as a biological weapon during what war?
WWII
T/F Tularemia is NOT spread from person to person
T
Two types of tularemia
Ulceroglandular: most common - occurs after tick/deerfly bite
Pneumonic and typhoidal: Aerosol form
Tularemia incubation period?
3-5 days
How is tularemia confirmed?
serological testing
Tularemia is rendered harmless when exposed to what temp?
55 degrees F for 10 minutes
Botulinum toxin is produced by an encapsulated, gram-psitive, spore-forming, rod shaped bacterium called?
Clostridium botulinum
Most toxic substance known BOTULINUM and is ______ times more toxic than VX nerve agent by weight
10-15 thousand
What are the 4 kinds of botulism?
Food-borne
Infant
Wound
Inhalational
Botulism’s neurological symptoms usually appear within how many hrs?
12-36 (time to onset is dose dependent)
Classic symptoms of botulism include what?
Cranial nerve palsies (double vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, dry mouth etc)
Ricin is derived from beans of castor plant. What bacterium?
Ricinus communis
Small pox is caused by what virus?
Variola
The last reported small pox case was what year?
1977
What are the two clinical forms of smallpox?
VARIOLA MAJOR - 4 types - Ordinary, modified, flat, hemorrhagic 30% fatality rate
VARIOLA MINOR - rare - 1% or less fatality rate.
Small pox incubation period?
7-19 days, usually 10-14 days (FIRST SYMPTOMS ARE FLU-LIKE)
Progression of smallpox s/s
First symptoms 10-12 days. Rash on face/arms/legs 2-3 days after. Rash starts as MACULES then PAPULES. Scabs fall off after approx 3 weeks
A person infected with smallpox may lesson or prevent illness by getting vaccinated within how many days of exposure?
4
Four families of Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)?
ARENAVIRUSES: Via rodent urine
FILOVIRUSES: Marburg and Ebola
BUNYAVIRUSES: Vector borne
FLAVIVIRUSES: Arthropod (mosquito or tick)
The only approved VHF vaccination is for?
Yellow fever
First use of atomic weapon during war?
WWII
Two methods of radiation action within a cell?
Direct/indirect action
Beta radiation can penetrate human skin to what layer?
Germinal
X-rays have the same effect as what?
Gamma rays
Compared to gamma rays, they can cause 20 times greater damage to tissue?
Neutrons
The new absorbed dose unit for radiation is?
Gray (Gy)
Radiation dose is defined as?
Amount of energy absorbed per gram of tissue
1 rem =
0.01 sv
1 Sv =
100 rems
Used to perform ground radiological surveys in vehicles or in dismounted mode by individual personnel as a HANDHELD instrument?
AN/VDR 2 (shook hands with darth vader)
Compact handheld or POCKET CARRIED, tactical device that can measure prompt gamma/neutron doses from a nuclear event?
AN/UDR 13 (pocket pool in UnDeR pants)
Multi range radiac device that detects beta and gamma radiation?
AN/PDQ-1
Irradiation of body by HIGH dose?
Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS)
Long term exposure to LOW dose radiation?
Chronic Radiation Syndrome (CRS)
Skin Decon kit
M291
Air Sampling Device
JBPDS
Max anthrax incubation period
7 days
Only approved VHF vaccination?
Yellow Fever
Tularemia incubation period?
1-21 days
Neutrons over gamma rays
20 times greater damage to tissue
Poisonous byproducts of living organism?
Toxins
Biological warfare agents classified according to?
Delivery mode
Light, short range, ejected electron
Beta radiation
single cell - disease causing
bacteria
Detects liquid chem
M9 Paper
Intracellular parasites that lack system of their own metabolism?
Viruses (simplest type of microorganism)
System that provides early warning?
ABDEPS
System provides monitoring, sampling and detection of biological agents?
BIDS
Heavy short-range particles not able to penetrate clothing or skin?
Alpha
