CH 19 LAB Flashcards
Lab form?
SF 545
Listing of SF forms?
P-117
Alcohol pads contain what percent solution?
70% isopropyl alcohol
Best finger for stick?
Middle or ring (puncture perpendicular to grooves)
Length of lancet puncture depth?
No greater than 2mm
What is the preferred source of blood specimen obtained for clinical examination
venipuncture
When performing a finger puncture the first drop should be wiped away to avoid?
dilution of the specimen with tissue fluid
Tourniquet placement?
3–4 inches above the site
Venipuncture is what degree
15–30 with the bevel up
At what point in the venipuncture procedure should the tourniquet be removed
once blood flows freely into tubes
Max TQ time?
1 minute
When should specimens be labeled
Never before the sample is collected, but before leaving the patient
which color tube is the best choice for routine chem tests
RED TOP
Which color tube is the best choice for a CBC
lavender top
Additive in green top?
Heparin
The part of the microscope on which the prepared specimen is placed for examination is called the
Mechanical stage
What objective should be used for a detailed history of stained bacterial smears
oil immersion
Three objective lenses on microscope?
10x low power, 40x high power, 100x oil-immersion
Usual magnification of ocular lens?
10x (multipy this by the objective lens)
A CBC includes what five tests?
Total red blood cell (RBC) count
Hemoglobin determination (Hgb)
Hematocrit calculation (Hct)
Total white blood cell (WBC) count
White Blood Cell Differential count
function of hemoglobin in the body
Transport oxygen to the tissues
Factors that affect the hgb values
age, sex , altitude
a low rbc count may indicate that the patient has what condition
anemia
Hemoglobin grams per 100 ml of blood in men/women?
MEN: 14–18 WOMAN: 12-16
Manual methods for determining blood hemoglobin?
Mixed with cyanomethoglobin and turns brownish color
What is the term for the volume of erythrocytes expressed as a percentage of the volume of whole blood in a sample
hematocrit
Hematocrit values?
FEMALE: 37–47 MALE: 42-52 PERCENT
Normal WBC count?
4,800-10,800 cells per cubic millimeter
Select the term used to describe an abnormally high WBC count
Leukocytosis
List conditions that may cause leukopenia
radiation, Psittacosis, anaphylactic shock, viral infections
Which study wihtin a CBC often provides the most helpful information in determining the severity and type of inection
WBC differential
Five types of white cells circulating in blood?
Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte
What is the function of leukocytosis
To control various disease conditions
The study of the form and structure of organisms?
Morphology
Compromises the largest percentages of leukocytes found in the normal blood sample?
Neutrophil
Which leukocyte functions by ingesting bacteria
Neutrophil
Which leukocyte helps respond to parasitic infections and allergic reactions?
eosinophil
When performing a WBC differential, which cell has the large, scattered dark blue granules that are darker than the nucleus
basophils
Rise in basophil indicates?
Inflammatory disorders and certain leukemias
Which leukocyte fights viral infection
lymphocyte
HALO around this clear sky blue cytoplasm?
Lymphocyte
what is the term for bacteria that causes disease
pathogen
Bluish-gray cytoplasm and largest of white blood cells?
Monocyte
Disease-producing ability of bacteria is referred to as either?
Pathogenic and nonpathogenic
Four growth requirements for bacteria?
Temp, Oxygen, Nutrition, Moisture
What is the term used to define bacteria that are round in shape
cocci
Rod-shaped?
Bacillus
Spiral shaped?
Spirochetes
Gram positive stain what color
deep purple or blue
Which bacteria causes strep throat
streptococcus pyogenes
which bacteria casues gonorrhea
neisseria gonorrhoae
which bacteria causes tetanus
Clostridium tetani
Blue cock passes?
Strep and staph
Pink cock passes?
Gonorrhea and meningitis
Blue bats pass?
Diptheria
Gas gangrene
Tetanus
Botulism
Pink bats pass?
Bubonic plague
Brucellosis
Whooping Cough
Bacteria that causes bubonic plague?
Yersinia pestis
Bacteria that causes Burucellosis?
Brucella abortus
Foreign to the body, and causes a detectable reaction
antigen
the RPR is a NON-SPECIFIC test to diagnose syphilis
TRUE
Positive RPR?
Black clumps against white background (nonreactive is light gray)
Monospot tests for?
Mononucleosis
Positive monospot test?
Agglutination (clumping)
Seen in clustered round buds with thick walls?
Fungi
Simple method to detect fungi
potassium hydroxide (KOH) - add 1 drop of 10 percent KOH to slide
best urine specimen for screening is
first morning void
Fungi on skin or nails appear?
Refractile or reflective
Fungi on hair appears?
Dense clouds around hair stubs
What is the desired urine amount for testing
at least 12ml (10-15 for children)
what urine color is most related with the presence of bile
yellow or brown
which urine color is most related with a patient being treated Pyridium
dark orange
a report on urnie clarity is valid regardless of standing time
FALSE
The specific gravity of of a liquid is the weight of the substance as compared to an equal volume of
distilled water
normal spec grav of urine is what
1.015 – 1.030
the addition of one drop of 2 percent acetic acid to urine sediment will disintegrate which cell
red blood cells
Causes dark orange urine?
Pyridium
Urine appearance may be reported as?
Clear hazy slightly cloudy cloudy turbid
What cell is not normally found in urine
red blood cells
What critical result is indicative of uncontrolled diabetes
both glucose and ketones present in urine
What operational program may be used on some operational platforms to treat critical patients in mass casualty situation when delay of blood products would cause a critical delay
WBB (Waling blood bank)
What are the two primary methods of collecting blood
capillary and venipuncture
Capillary is used on
pediatric, severely burned or ICU to which venipuncture is not a good idea
Do not draw blood from with an IV in it or on the same side of a mastectomy what should you do
go to another site or arm
condenser of the microscope
compact lense system, located below the stage. concentrates and focuses light source on the specimen
internal light source of microscope
on base of the microscope providing a precise and steady source of light into the microscope
iris diaphram
located on the condenser to control amount of light and the angle of the light
what usually causes leukocytosis
systemic or localized infecion
toxin
generally they are waste products of metabolism in a bacterial cell.
endotoxin
comprises the bacterial cell wall and is released as the bacteria is destroyed, may affect the patient during course of anitbiotic therapy
exotoxin
produced by bacteria and found OUTSIDE of the bacteria cell in the surrounding medium. highly poisonous associated with septic shock
Psychrophillic
cold loving reporduce best at low temps 4C
mesophilic
reproduce best at body body temp 35C
thermophillic
reproduce best at high temp 42C
Normal urine output for adults
600 to 2,000 ml averaging about 1500 ml
yellow or brown urine ( turnning green when shaken)
caused by presence of bile
wbc acute infection count
above 50,000
what hgb concentration indicates anemia
below 7
Specific gravity in the morning will be?
Higher
Specific gravity is measured using?
A refractometer
Urine reagent strips may take up to how long?
2 min
Use what microscope magnification to examine urine sample?
40X
What may indicate disease in urinary tract?
More than 3 WBC on high-power field
Red cells appear how?
Perfectly rounded
One drop of 2 percent acetic acid added to urine sediment disintegrates what?
RBC
Casts in the urine indicate?
Kidney disorder - urine will be positive for albumin
Reagent strip positive for glucose and ketones may indicate?
Diabetes
Casts in urine indicate?
Albumin
