Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CELL 362 > Ch23 > Flashcards

Ch23 Flashcards

1
Q

What class of hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?

A

Steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What class of hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

Catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of hormones are released from the zona reticularis?

A

Steroid hormones

Sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of hormones are released from the zona fasciculata?

A

Steroid hormones

Glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of hormones are released from the zona glomerulosa?

A

Steroid hormones

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 4 tissues does cortisol act on? What are the responses?

A

Immune system: function suppressed
Liver: Gluconeogenesis
Muscle: Protein catabolism
Adipose tissue: Lipolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When is cortisol release the highest in the circadian rhythm?

A

Between 6 am and noon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 6 metabolic effects of cortisol?

A
  1. Promotes gluconeogenesis
  2. Causes breakdown of skeletal muscle proteins
  3. Enhances lipolysis
  4. Suppresses the immune system
  5. Causes negative calcium balance
  6. Influences brain function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is hypercortisolism called?

A

Cushing’s disease (or Cushing’s syndrome if iatrogenic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is hypocortisolism called? What is it accompanied by?

A

Addison’s disease and it is accompanied by loss of all hormones from adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the physical symptoms of Cushing’s disease?

A

Moon face, red cheeks, striations on abdominal fat, fat deposits in the trunk, buffalo hump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What hormones are linked with the mediation of immune function as a result of stress?

A

CRH and ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two kinds of melanocortins?

A

MSH and ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does excess ACTH lead to darker skin?

A

ACTH is a melanocortin like MSH and can bind to receptors on melanocytes and increases melanin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are symptoms of Addison’s disease?

A

weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue, low blood pressure (from loss of aldosterone), darkening of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of TBGs?

A

Thyroid binding globulins act as carrier proteins to transport the lipophilic thyroid hormones in the blood

17
Q

What is the more common type of thyroid hormone? What is the more active type?

A

Both are T3

18
Q

What does the pendrin transporter do?

A

Moves Iodine from the follicular cell into the colloid of the thyroid gland

19
Q

What does thyroid peroxidase do?

A

Adds iodine to tyrosine to make T3 and T4

20
Q

What is the difference between thyroid-binding globulin and thyroglobulin?

A

Thyroid-binding globulin acts as a carrier for T3 and T4 in the blood.

Thyroglobulin acts as a carrier from the colloid into the follicular cell

21
Q

Where are the de-iodinases found that modify T4?

A

In the target tissues

22
Q

What is the name of pseudo-hyperthyroidism brought on by excessive thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins mimicking TSH?

A

Grave’s disease

23
Q

What is exopthalmos caused by?

A

Hyperthyroidism

24
Q

What is the most common form of hypothyroidism?

A

Hashimoto’s disease

25
What is myxedema and what causes it?
Bags under the eyes caused by hypothyroidism
26
What term describes the relationship between growth hormone and thyroxines?
Permisiveness
27
What does insulin-like growth factor do?
Act as a hormone and a trophic hormone, stimulating bone and soft tissue growth with GH and cartilage growth independently
28
What do extreme GH levels lead to in different stages of life?
GH deficiency in children leads to dwarfism GH oversecretion in children leads to gigantism GH oversecretion in adults leads to acromegaly
29
What happens in hypocalcemia?
Neurons and muscle are hyperexcitable Overactive Na+ channels (Ca2+ normally binds to the outside of Na+ channels) Muscle cramps Common in pregnancy because baby takes all the Ca2+
30
What happens in hypercalcemia?
Neurons and muscle are hypoexcitable
31
What three hormones control Ca2+ concentration in the body, from most important to least important?
1. PTH 2. Calcitriol 3. Calcitonin
32
How does PTH change the Ca2+ levels in the blood?
1. Mobilizes Ca2+ from bone 2. Enhances renal reabsorption of calcium 3. Increases intestinal absorption (through calcitriol release)
33
What is the colloquial name of calcitriol?
Vitamin D3
34
What regulates calcitriol release? What does calcitriol do?
Calcitriol release is regulated by PTH 1. Primary hormone responsible for Ca2+ uptake from digestion 2. Facilitates renal reabsorption of Ca2+ 3. Helps mobilize Ca2+ from bone
35
What stimulates the release of calcitonin?
Increase of plasma Ca2+
36
What does calcitonin do?
Increases renal excretion of Ca2+

CELL 362 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions