Ch16

Question 1

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

Answer 1

Plasma is from non-clotted blood and contains fibrinogen

Serum is from clotted blood and contains fibrinogen

Question 2

What proteins are most abundant in plasma?

Answer 2

Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens

Question 3

What is unique about leukopoiesis?

Answer 3

It creates WBC and is also stimulated by WBCs

Question 4

What is TPO? Where is it produced?

Answer 4

Thrombopoietin. Glycoprotein that regulates growth and maturation of megakaryocytes

Made in liver and a little in kidney

Question 5

What is EPO and where is it made?

Answer 5

Erythropoietin. Glycoprotein that stimulates erythropoiesis

Made in kidney, some in liver

Question 6

What is the normal hematocrit for men and women?

Answer 6

m: 40-54%

w: 37-47%

Question 7

What organelle gives the RBC its unique shape?

Answer 7

Cytoskeleton

Question 8

What is hemoglobin composed of?

Answer 8

4 protein globin chains centered around a heme group. A heme group contains an electrostatically chelated iron atom

Question 9

What excretion causes urine to be yellow and feces to be brown

Answer 9

Bilirubin from old RBCs

Question 10

What is the most common cause of anemia in the US?

Answer 10

Iron deficiency

Question 11

What secretion of endothelium keeps platelets inactive?

Answer 11

Prostacyclin

Question 12

What is the chain from pro-thrombin to fibrin fragments?

Answer 12

Pro-thrombin -> thrombin -> forms polymer with fibrinogen to make clot -> plasmin turns polymer into fragments

Pro-thrombin -> thrombin -> thrombin combines with plasminogen and tPA -> formation of plasmin that breaks apart clot

Question 13

What are the 2 cascades that lead to coagulation? How long do they each take?

Answer 13

Intrinsic takes 1-6 minutes and extrinsic takes 15 seconds

Question 14

What is a thrombus and embolus?

Answer 14

t: Abnormal clot in vessel

e: clot that breaks free

Question 15

Why does an embolus commonly end up in the lungs?

Answer 15

Blood more often pools in the venous side than arterial side, causing clots. Clots will continually enter larger vessels, eventually passing the vena cava into the heart and then the pulmonary arteries. These arteries are the first encountered by the embolism to narrow into capillaries.

Question 16

What are the 2 mechanisms of limiting the extent of clotting in the blood?

Answer 16

Inhibit platelet adhesion (prostacyclin)

Inhibit coagulation cascade and fibrin production