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CELL 362 > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What portion of water in the body is ICF and ECF?

A

ICF is 2/3 total body water

ECF is 1/3 total body water

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2
Q

What are the 2 components and their percentages of ECF?

A

IF (Interstitial Fluid) is 75%
Plasma is 25%

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3
Q

Where does exchange happen between IF and plasma? What does not pass through here?

A

Capillaries. Proteins do not pass through

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4
Q

Homeostasis means equilibrium in one sense, what is it?

A

Osmotic equilibrium

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5
Q

What ions are more prominent in ICF and ECF?

A

ICF has more K+
ECF has more Na+

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6
Q

What is the primary difference in the composition of plasma and IF?

A

Plasma has lots of proteins

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7
Q

How much does the physiological standard man weigh?

A

70 kg

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8
Q

How much fluid does the standard 70 kg man have? How much is ICF, ECF, plasma, and IF?

A

42 L total

28 L ICF

14 L ECF (25% Plasma, 75% IF)

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9
Q

How is total body water estimated?

A

D20 (heavy water or tritium oxide)

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10
Q

What is used to estimate ECF?

A

Inulin

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11
Q

What is used to estimate plasma?

A

Evans blue

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12
Q

What substance is used to estimate IF?

A

There is no substance to directly measure IF

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13
Q

How do you estimate ICF?

A

Total body water-ECF (using inulin)

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14
Q

How do you estimate IF?

A

ECF-plasma

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15
Q

Osmolarity is a _____________ property

A

Colligative. It only depends on the # of particles not the type of particles

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16
Q

1 mole CaCl2 completely dissociates in solution. What is the osmolarity?

A

3 OsM

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17
Q

What is tonicity? How is it different than osmolarity?

A

Describes how cell volume would change if placed in a solution.

It has no units, and it is always comparitive

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18
Q

When is glucose a penetrating molecule?

A

If there are glucose transporters, like insulin, present.

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19
Q

Describe a solution that is hyposmotic and hypotonic?

A

<300 mOsM of non-penetrating and/or penetrating particles

20
Q

What is the OsM of a normal cell?

21
Q

Describe a solution that is isosmotic and hypotonic

A

300 mOsM but some/all are penetrating

22
Q

Describe a solution that is isosmotic and isotonic

A

300 mOsM of non-penetrating particles without penetrating particles

23
Q

Describe a solution that is hyperosmotic and hypotonic

A

> 300 mOsM.
≤300 mOsM of non-penetrating particles and the rest are penetrating

24
Q

Describe a solution that is hyperosmotic and isotonic

A

300 mOsM of non-penetrating particles with surplus of penetrating particles

25
Describe a solution that is hyperosmotic and hypertonic
>300 mOsM of non-penetrating particles with or without surplus penetrating particles
26
Diffusion uses concentration gradients, but bulk flow uses what gradients?
Pressure
27
Why are ATPases necessary in secondary active transport?
Primary active transport uses ATPases to create the concentration gradients required for secondary active transport
28
What is a symport carrier protein? How does it work?
Moves two or more substrates in the same direction across the membrane It uses the diffusion gradient of one molecule (made elsewhere by primary active transport) as a power source to pump the other molecule through. Secondary active transport
29
What is an anti port carrier protein? How does it work?
Moves substrates in opposite directions This pumps both substrates against the concentration gradients. Primary active transport. Example is the Na+ K+ pump
30
Does facilitated diffusion work with or against the gradient?
With the gradient
31
Why does glucose continually diffuse into cells?
When it enters the cell, it is converted into glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P). This keeps the glucose concentration low so diffusion continues
32
Why does glucose continually diffuse into cells?
When it enters the cell, it is converted into glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P). This keeps the glucose concentration low so diffusion continues
33
What does a GLUT transporter do?
Brings glucose across the membrane
34
Why does a cell reach a max rate of substrate transportation?
It’s carrier binding sites become saturated
35
What is a phagosome?
Big word for eatey vescicle
36
What does the phagosome fuse with to digest bacteria?
Lysosome
37
What is clathrin?
Protein that coats vesicles, forming a lattice, that allows for vesicles to maintain shape
38
What is trancytosis?
Process that moves particles across the entire cell (two membranes)
39
What is paracellular transport?
Particles passing between cells through their junctions
40
What are the 3 key elements of trans epithelial transport of glucose?
1. Glucose/Na+ symporter 2. GLUT transporter 3. Na+/K+ ATPase (antiporter)
41
Using 0 mV as a reference, what is cell depolarization?
The cell’s net charge moves closer to 0
42
Using 0 mV as a reference, what is cell repolarization?
The cell’s net charge becomes further from 0, towards its normal resting charge
43
Using 0 mV as a reference, what is cell hyperpolarization?
The cell’s net charge becomes further from 0 than its normal charge
44
What is the role of ATP in insulin not being secreted?
If glucose is low, then ATP is not being made from glycolysis. The K+ channel remains open which keeps the cell at resting membrane potential. The voltage-gated Ca2+ channel remains closed. Ca2+ is what signals insulin release.
45
What is the role of ATP in insulin being secreted?
If glucose is high, then ATP is high from glycolysis. If ATP is high, the K+ channel closes, depolarizing the cell and opening the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel which signals the release of insulin.
46
Why does K+ leaking out of the cell inhibit insulin secretion?
When K+ leaks from the cell it hyperpolarizes the cell, which prohibits the Ca2+ voltage-gated channel from opening. Ca2+ is what triggers exocytosis of insulin

CELL 362 (20 decks)

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