Ch15 Flashcards
How much of the blood is in the venous side?
2/3
What structure is the main site of vasoconstriction? What receptor mediates it?
Arterioles
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
What class of molecule controls angiogenesis?
Cytokines
Which cytokines promote angiogenesis?
Mitogens is the type
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and FGF (Fibroblast growth factor) are examples
Which cytokines inhibit angiogenesis?
Angiostatin and endostatin
How to calculate pulse pressure?
Systolic-diastolic
How to calculate mean arterial pressure?
MAP=diastolic+((1/3)*(systolic-diastolic))
What 3 methods are used to control arteriolar resistance?
- Myogenic autoregulation
- Paracrines and hormones
- Sympathetic innervation
What is active hyperemia?
As tissue metabolism increases (like when exercising), metabolic vasodilators (like NO, H+, CO2) are released into the ECF and blood flow resistance decreases while flow increases
What is passive hyperemia?
Tissue blood flow is occluded, and metabolic vasodilators build up in ECF, even without exercise. Vessels dilate in response, so resistance decreases and flow increases
Where is the CVCC?
Medulla
Where are the baroreceptors located?
Aorta and carotid arteries
What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate in the cardiovascular system?
Just the SA node
Which organs house sinusoids instead of capillaries? What is the advantage?
Bone marrow, liver, spleen
Up to 5x larger than normal capillaries
What is the most common type of capillary?
Continuous
Where are fenestrated capillaries found?
Kidneys and intestines
Where does blood flow the slowest? Why?
Capillaries, they have the largest cross-sectional area
What is absorption and filtration in the capillaries?
Absorption is fluid movement into capillaries
Filtration is fluid movement out of the capillaries
How much fluid is lost to lymph vessels a day?
3 liters
What causes pitting edema?
Filtration far greater than absorption, caused by increase of hydrostatic pressure, decrease in plasma protein concentration, increase in interstitial proteins
What type of edema results from inadequate frainage of lymph?
Non-pitting edema
Why is unstable atherosclerotic plaque more dangerous than a stable atherosclerotic plaque?
If the plaque ruptures, then platelets will be exposed to underlying collagenous scar tissue and endothelium, stimulating clotting.
The risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each ______
20/10 mm Hg increase in blood pressure over 115/75
What is the simple cause of pulmonary edema?
Mismatched CO between two halves of heart
