Ch2: Most frequent and significant diseases Flashcards
whats the most common cause of death in children under 1
most common causes of death relate to congenital anomalies, low birth weight and complication of premature birth
top 5 diseases
- Heart disease 26%
- Cancers 23%
- Stroke 5.7%
- Chonic pulmonary disease 5.1%
- Trauma by accidents 5%
mortality rates from heart disease, pneumonia, and influenza have decreased but cancer, stroke, CPD, DM and chronic liver disease have all increased
Common Risk factors
- atheroscleosis
- hypertension
- smoking
- obesity
Heart Disease
26% of deaths in US
majority by atherosclerosis -> myocardial infarct
<50 y.o mostly men
>50 y.o even between genders
Cancers
23% of US deaths
frequency increases at 50-80 y/o
- # 1= Lung cancer
- # 2- cancers of sex organs
- Prostate cancer- more common in older men
- Testicular cancer: young men (20-40)
Stroke
5.7% of US deaths
CVA=cerebral vascular accident
most common in older adults and presents with weakness of one side and/or difficulty with speech
chronic pulmonary disease
5.1% of US deaths
mostly caused by cigarette smoking
Trauma by accidents
5% of US deaths
automobile accidents more common: 50% drunk
Morbidity
frequency of disability within a population
disability
conditions requiring the use of an assistive device such as a cane/wheelchair or interfering with ADLs, living, job or buisness
Top Causes:
- arthritis
- back/spine problems
- heart disease
- mental/emotional problems
Direct cost
amount of money spent on treatment and management of a specific disease
Indirect cost
amount of money lost by an ill person not performing his/her job and requiring disability payments
incidence
measure of the number of newly diagnosed patients in a given time period, usually a year (doesn’t count persons previously diagnosed)
useful measure for acute diseases
Prevalence
number of persons with a disease at any one time (regardless of when diagnosed)
usefull measure for chronic diseases
acute diseases
come abruptly and last short time
common cold, UTI, appendicitis
almost half are respiratory illnesses, acute viral diseases
frequency decreases with age
