Ch10: Hematopoietic System

Question 1

hematopoietic system

Answer 1

major functional components=
blood
bone marrow
lymphoid tissues
mononuclear phagocytic system
immune system

components located w/in several organs and have overlapping functions
major organs they reside in: bone marrow, blood vessels, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus

Question 2

Blood

Answer 2

consists of plasma (liquid component of blood and cells)
-blood clots rapidly outside of vessels bc fibrinogen in the plasma is rapidly converted to fibrin. if fibrin is removed, remaining fluid=SERUM

Question 3

plasma

Answer 3

serum + fibrin

Question 4

cells in the blood

Answer 4

RBCs
platelets
WBCs

*platelets and WBCs form thin white layer between serum and RBC called BUFFY COAT

Question 5

mature RBCs

Answer 5

=erythrocytes
live 120 day lifespan in the blood carrying out their highly specialized function of oxygen transport and are then removed from the spleen.
amount of oxygen that can be transported by the blood is determined by the number of RBCs in circulation and the amount of hemoglobin in them.

Question 6

bilirubin

Answer 6

major product of RBC breakdown, requires excretion

Question 7

immature RBCs

Answer 7

=reticulocytes
retain basophilic material in their cytoplasm.
an increase in these indicate early release from the bone marrow and suggests accelerated RBC production

Question 8

platelets

Answer 8

fragments of bone marrow cells (megakaryocyte)

Question 9

leukocytes

Answer 9

=WBC
consist of:
1: granulocytes
2: lymphocytes
3: monocytes

Question 10

granulocytes

Answer 10

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

live short lives, participate in inflammatory reaction

Question 11

lymphocytes

Answer 11

undergo further maturation after leaving bone marrow

T or B lymphocytes (B can become plasma cells)

Question 12

monocytes

Answer 12

most widespread of the bone marrow- derived cells
some circulate in the blood and participate in inflammatory process
others undergo specialization and reside in tissues. tissue macrophages carry out removal of debris

Question 13

anemia

Answer 13

• most common clinical problem relating to hematopoietic system
• decrease in the circulating RBC mass.
• may be result of decreased production of RBC or increased destruction/loss of RBCs

Question 14

malaria

Answer 14

parasite infects RBCs and causes their periodic destruction

Question 15

HIV

Answer 15

human immunodeficiency virus

infects lymphocytes and destroys them at a rate that exceeds the ability of the body to replace them

Question 16

primary cancers of hematopoietic system

Answer 16

leukemias
lymphomas
multiple myeloma

Question 17

hematocrit

Answer 17

volume of the RBCs

expressed as % compared with other blood elements

Question 18

What is the mononuclear phagocytic system?

Answer 18

refers to tissue macrophages performing the scavenger function of removing debris

Question 19

What are immature RBC’s called?

Answer 19

Reticulocytes

Question 20

What does an increase in reticulocytes in the blood indicate?

Answer 20

Early release from the bone marrow – implies accelerated RBC production

Question 21

What is the manufacture of RBC’s called?

Answer 21

erythropoesis

Question 22

What do granulocytes form from?

Answer 22

myeloblast –> myelocyte –> granulocyte

Question 23

What hormone stimulates RBC production?

Answer 23

erythropoetin (from kidneys)

Question 24

What are the 4 most common types of anemia?

Answer 24

• iron deficiency anemia from chronic bleedings from uterus or GI tract
• iron deficiency anemia from dietary deficiency
• anemia associated with various chronic diseases
• vitamin B12 deficiency anemia and folic acid deficiency anemia

Question 25

MCV

Answer 25

mean corpsular volume – RBC size

= hematocrit / RBC count

Question 26

MCHC

Answer 26

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

= hemoglobin/hematocrit

Question 27

Granulocytosis is characteristic of _________

Answer 27

acute inflammation

Question 28

lymphocytosis and monocytosis occur with _____

Answer 28

chronic inflammation

Question 29

eosinophilia occurs with ______

Answer 29

some parasitic infections and allergies

Question 30

What is infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 30

enlargement of lymph tissue

caused by Epstien-Barr virus

Question 31

What is leukemia?

Answer 31

WBC cancer characterized by extensive bone marrow replacement with neoplastic WBC’s

Question 32

Lymphoma

Answer 32

WBC cancers characterized by involvement of sites other than bone marrow or blood, often with production of mass lesions

Question 33

Multiple Myeloma

Answer 33

cancer or plasma cells, usually arising in the bone marrow and unassociated with leukemia

Question 34

What is polycythemia vera?

Answer 34

primary polycythemia (increase in RBCs due to overproduction)

Question 35

What is secondary polycythemia?

Answer 35

increase in erythropoietin. main causes = 1) hypoxia caused by chronic lung disease, cyanotic heart disease, or living at high altitude 2) excess production of erythropoietin by rare neoplasms

Question 36

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 36

characterized by large, malignant cell with a multilobed nucleus containing prominent nucleoli (Reed-Sternberg cell)