Ch 3: Diagnostic resources

Question 1

screening

Answer 1

attempt to discover disease before it manifests in a patient.

Question 2

test

Answer 2

analysis performed on a specimen removed from a patient. performed by a pathologist

Question 3

procedure

Answer 3

involves doing some manipulation of the patient. some procedures done to obtain a specimen for a test. performed by various types of physicians: radiologists, pathologists

Question 4

radiology

Answer 4

discipline of medicine that uses techniques to diagnose disease

Question 5

radiation therapy

Answer 5

ionizing radiation used to induce cancer cell death

Question 6

x-ray

Answer 6

dependent on different absorption properties of tissues as x-rays pass through them. radiodense material (bone) absorb the x-rays that pass and leave a white shadow on the film. air filled cavities appear dark

Question 7

computed tomography (CT)

Answer 7

x-ray technique in which the x-ray absorption patterns through planes of tissues are recorded and analyzed by computer CT rotates around a patient and takes continuous images-creates cross sectional images of the body lesions may be more sharply defined and precisely localized than with conventional plain films

Question 8

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 8

computer to record tissue characteristics in tissue planes but doesn’t use x-rays

Question 9

Ultrasound

Answer 9

measures the reflection of high frequency sound waves as they pass through body tissues greatest contrast by interfaces of soft tissue and liquids greatest use for cystic structures-gallbladders, urinary bladder and pregnant uterus

Question 10

nuclear medicine

Answer 10

injection of radioactive materials into the blood stream and localizing them

Question 11

positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 11

injection of positron-emitting radionucleotides (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen)

Question 12

anatomical pathology

Answer 12

1. surgical pathology
2. biopsy
3. cytology specimens

Question 13

surgical pathology

Answer 13

diagnosis of lesions in pieces of tissue removed from a patient by a pathologist

Question 14

biopsy

Answer 14

procedure for obtaining small specimens

• partial: only part of lesion, for diagnosis
• Needle: diagnosis
• Excisional: entirety of a small lesion- diagnosis and/or tx
• Resection: removal of large specimen in the operating room

Question 15

cytology specimens

Answer 15

consist of cells sloughed or scraped from body surfaces detects cancer cells cytologist examines stained smears, pathologist interpretes abnormalities

Question 16

Clinical pathology

Answer 16

lab medicine: branch of pathology that performs lab tests on tissues and fluid. Subdivided: chemistry, hematology, microbiology, immunopathology and blood bank CBC

Question 17

Complete blood count (CBC)

Answer 17

most commong hematologic test and consists of measurement of hemoglobin, WBC, RBC microscopic eval for morphologic changes in the blood cells