CH2 Flashcards
______ are statements or explainations regarding why to or more facts are related to each other and the connection between the two facts.
Theory
______ are reasonable, educated guesses about how variables are related to each other including causal relationships.
Hypotheses
______ are concepts that can vary in frequency or occurence from one time, place, or preson to another.
Variables
The ______ ____ is used when sociologist want to gather information directly from a number of people regarding how they think or feel or what they do.
Survey Method
______ is a relationship between variables with change in one variable associaed with change in another.
Correlation
_____-__-_____ ________ occur when the is a relationship between variables so that one variable stimulates a change in another but not necessarily the other way around.
Cause and effect relationship
_____ ________ occur when there is no causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables, but they vary together, often due to a third variable affecting both of them
Spurious Relationship
_____ are steps used by researchers to eliminate all variables except those related to he hypothesis.
Controls
_____ _____ involve systematic, planned observation and recording of interactions or human behavior in natural settings.
Observation Studies
In ______, all variables except te one being studied are controlled.
Experimens
________ _____ is the group exposed to the variable and is being tested.
____ ____ is not exposed to variable.
Experimental Group
Control Group
_______ _____ refer to ue of materials that already exist
______ ______ uses existing data that has been collected by other sources.
Existing Sources
Secondary Analysis
______ ______ is the systematic categorization and recording of informatino from written or recorded sources.
Content Analysis
______ is the utilization of two or more methods of data collection to enhance the amount and type of data for analysis.
Triangulation.
A ______ is a group of systematically chosen people in suvey research who represent a much larger group.
Sample
Comte believed that _____ ____ are aspects of society that give rise to order, and ____ ___ are change and evolution in society.
Social Statics
Social Dynamics
______ ____ is fact fining for science’s sake.
Scientific Sociology
_____ ____ emphasizes the way humans create and interpret meaning.
Humanistic Sociolgy
______ ______ strive to better understand how society operates and to make practical use of their findings.
Public Sociologists
A _____ _____ is a basic view of society that guides sociologists’ ideas and research. They are the broadest theories in sociology.
Theoretical Perspectives
______ _____ ______ sees humans as active agents who create shared meanings of events and symbols and then interact on the basis of those meanings.
They make use of ____, actions or objects that represent something else and therefor have meaning beyond their own existence.
Symbolic Interaction Perspective
The ____ ____ _______ states that humans are fundamentally concerned with self-interests main rational decisions based on weighing costs and rewards of the projected outcome.
Rational Choice Perspective
_____-____ _______ assumes that all parts of the social structure, the culture, and social processes work together to make the whole society run smoothly and harmoniously.
Structural-Functional Perspective
______ _____ are the planned outcomes of social organization.
_____ ____ are unplanned consequences of actions or of social structures.
______ are actions that undermine the stability or equilibrium of society.
Manifest Functions
Latent Functions
Dysfunctions
____ ____ contends that conflict is inevitable in any group or society.
Conflict Perspective
_____ ____ critiques the hierarchical power structures, which treat women and other minorities unfairly.
Feminist Perspective
______ is the idea of multiple identities (race, class, gender).
Intersectionality
