Ch.15 "Treatment of Psychological Disorders"

Question 1

Three obstacles that prevent people from seeking help:

Answer 1

• not realizing that their disorder needs treatment
• financial barriers or beliefs and circumstances keeping people from getting help
• not knowing where to look for services

Question 2

Psychotherapy:

Answer 2

an interaction between a therapist and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief form the problem.

Question 3

Eclectic psychotherapy:

Answer 3

a form of psychotherapy that involves drawing on techniques form different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem.

Question 4

Psychodynamic psychotherapies:

Answer 4

explore childhood events and encourage individuals to use this understanding to develop insight into their psychological problems

Question 5

Free association:

Answer 5

the client reports every thought that enters the mind, without censorship or filtering.

Question 6

Dream analysis:

Answer 6

disguised clues that the therapist can help the client understand

Question 7

Interpretation:

Answer 7

process where the therapist deciphers the meaning underlying what the client says and does

Question 8

Resistance:

Answer 8

a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material.

Question 9

Transference:

Answer 9

when the analyst begins to assume a major significance in the client’s life and the client reacts to the analyst based on unconscious childhood fantasies..

Question 10

Collective unconscious:

Answer 10

the culturally determined symbols and myths that are shared among all people that could serve as a basis for interpretation beyond sex or aggression.

Question 11

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT):

Answer 11

a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships; face to face

Question 12

Behavior therapy:

Answer 12

disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors.

Question 13

Consequence:

Answer 13

the reinforcing or punishing events that follow a behavior

Question 14

Token economy:

Answer 14

giving clients “tokens” for desired behaviors, which they can later trade for rewards.

Question 15

Exposure therapy:

Answer 15

confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response.

Question 16

Systematic desensitization:

Answer 16

a procedure in which a client relaxes all the muscles of his or her body while imagining being in increasingly frightening situations.

Question 17

Cognitive therapy:

Answer 17

helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world

Question 18

Cognitive restructuring:

Answer 18

involves teaching clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs.

Question 19

Mindfulness meditation:

Answer 19

teaches an individual to be fully present in each moment; to be aware of his or her thoughts, feelings, and sensations; and to detect symptoms before they become a problem

Question 20

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT):

Answer 20

a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies

Question 21

Person-centered therapy:

Answer 21

assumes that all individuals have tendency toward growth and that his growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist.

Question 22

Gestalt therapy:

Answer 22

has the goal of helping the client become aware of his or her thoughts, behaviors, experiences, and feelings and to “own” or take responsibility for them.

Question 23

Antipsychotic drugs:

Answer 23

treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders

Question 24

Psychopharmacology:

Answer 24

the study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms

Question 25

Atypical antipsychotics:

Answer 25

treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 26

Antianxiety medications:

Answer 26

drugs that help reduce a person’s experience of fear or anxiety; benzodiazepines; tranquilizers

Question 27

Antidepressants:

Answer 27

a class off drugs that help lift people’s moods

Question 28

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI):

Answer 28

most common antidepressants; prozac

Question 29

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI):

Answer 29

medication that prevents the breakdown of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

Question 30

Tricyclic antidepressants:

Answer 30

block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 31

Mood stabilizers:

Answer 31

medications used to suppress swings between mania and depression

Question 32

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT):

Answer 32

involves inducing a mild seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain

Question 33

Phototherapy:

Answer 33

therapy involving repeated exposure to bright light

Question 34

Psychosurgery:

Answer 34

the surgical destruction of specific brain areas

Question 35

Natural improvement:

Answer 35

the tendency of symptoms to return to their mean or average level; assuming that a treatment made you better when got better without it

Question 36

Nonspecific treatment effects:

Answer 36

not related to the specific mechanisms by which treatment is supposed to be working

Question 37

Reconstructive memory:

Answer 37

mistakenly believing that your symptoms before treatment were worse than they actually were

Question 38

Outcome studies:

Answer 38

designed to evaluate whether a particular treatment works; uses control groups

Question 39

Process studies:

Answer 39

designed to answer questions of why a treatment works or under what circumstances a treatment works; refine to make better

Question 40

Iatrogenic illness:

Answer 40

a disorder or symptom that occurs as a result of a medical or psychotherapeutic treatment itself