Ch.15 "Treatment of Psychological Disorders" Flashcards
Three obstacles that prevent people from seeking help:
- not realizing that their disorder needs treatment
- financial barriers or beliefs and circumstances keeping people from getting help
- not knowing where to look for services
Psychotherapy:
an interaction between a therapist and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief form the problem.
Eclectic psychotherapy:
a form of psychotherapy that involves drawing on techniques form different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem.
Psychodynamic psychotherapies:
explore childhood events and encourage individuals to use this understanding to develop insight into their psychological problems
Free association:
the client reports every thought that enters the mind, without censorship or filtering.
Dream analysis:
disguised clues that the therapist can help the client understand
Interpretation:
process where the therapist deciphers the meaning underlying what the client says and does
Resistance:
a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material.
Transference:
when the analyst begins to assume a major significance in the client’s life and the client reacts to the analyst based on unconscious childhood fantasies..
Collective unconscious:
the culturally determined symbols and myths that are shared among all people that could serve as a basis for interpretation beyond sex or aggression.
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT):
a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships; face to face
Behavior therapy:
disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors.
Consequence:
the reinforcing or punishing events that follow a behavior
Token economy:
giving clients “tokens” for desired behaviors, which they can later trade for rewards.
Exposure therapy:
confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response.
Systematic desensitization:
a procedure in which a client relaxes all the muscles of his or her body while imagining being in increasingly frightening situations.
Cognitive therapy:
helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world
Cognitive restructuring:
involves teaching clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs.
Mindfulness meditation:
teaches an individual to be fully present in each moment; to be aware of his or her thoughts, feelings, and sensations; and to detect symptoms before they become a problem
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT):
a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies
Person-centered therapy:
assumes that all individuals have tendency toward growth and that his growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist.
Gestalt therapy:
has the goal of helping the client become aware of his or her thoughts, behaviors, experiences, and feelings and to “own” or take responsibility for them.
Antipsychotic drugs:
treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders
Psychopharmacology:
the study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms
Atypical antipsychotics:
treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Antianxiety medications:
drugs that help reduce a person’s experience of fear or anxiety; benzodiazepines; tranquilizers
Antidepressants:
a class off drugs that help lift people’s moods
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI):
most common antidepressants; prozac
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI):
medication that prevents the breakdown of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
Tricyclic antidepressants:
block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
Mood stabilizers:
medications used to suppress swings between mania and depression
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT):
involves inducing a mild seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain
Phototherapy:
therapy involving repeated exposure to bright light
Psychosurgery:
the surgical destruction of specific brain areas
Natural improvement:
the tendency of symptoms to return to their mean or average level; assuming that a treatment made you better when got better without it
Nonspecific treatment effects:
not related to the specific mechanisms by which treatment is supposed to be working
Reconstructive memory:
mistakenly believing that your symptoms before treatment were worse than they actually were
Outcome studies:
designed to evaluate whether a particular treatment works; uses control groups
Process studies:
designed to answer questions of why a treatment works or under what circumstances a treatment works; refine to make better
Iatrogenic illness:
a disorder or symptom that occurs as a result of a medical or psychotherapeutic treatment itself
