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Intro. to Psych Science > Ch.13 "Social" > Flashcards

Ch.13 "Social" Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology:

A

the study of the causes and consequences of sociality; why do we interact so much?

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2
Q

what do we resort to when trying to obtain limited resources?

A

aggression and cooperation

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3
Q

aggression:

A

behavior intended to hurt another

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4
Q

best predictor of aggression?

A

sex

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5
Q

women’s acts of aggression are mostly:

A

relational aggression

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6
Q

testosterone is higher in:

A

criminals, cultures with honor, and younger men

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7
Q

cooperation is:

A

risky

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8
Q

in the prisoner’s dilemma, if A and B cooperate they get:

A

1 year each

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9
Q

in the prisoner’s dilemma, if A and B don’t cooperate they get:

A

10 years each

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10
Q

in the prisoner’s dilemma, if A cooperates, but B doesn’t, they get:

A

30 and 0 years respectively

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11
Q

in the prisoner’s dilemma, if B cooperates, but A doesn’t, they get:

A

30 and 0 years respectively

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12
Q

how do we deal with risk?

A

by being sensitive to and punishing cheaters; forming groups

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13
Q

the ultimatum game shows that:

A

we punish unfairness even if we get something out of it; declining money split unfairly, thus no one gets anything

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14
Q

people don’t want to be seen as cheaters because:

A

people won’t cooperate with them; honor system

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15
Q

favoritism towards our own:

A

groups

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16
Q

prejudice:

A

a positive or negative EVALUATION of another person based on their group membership

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17
Q

discrimination:

A

positive or negative BEHAVIOR toward another person based on their group membership.

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18
Q

deindividuation:

A

caring more about your group’s values than your own; political parties

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19
Q

diffusion of responsibility:

A

bystander effect

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20
Q

exclusion from groups (rejection) activates:

A

physical pain receptors in the brain; ACC and RVPC areas

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21
Q

altruism:

A

behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself

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22
Q

reciprocal altruism:

A

helping someone and expecting something in return

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23
Q

attraction caused by:

A

situational, physical, and psychological factors

24
Q

situational factors:

A

proximity

mere exposure effect

arousal can be misinterpreted as attraction; horror movie

25
Q

physical factors:

A

body shape- dominance & fertility

symmetry- health

age- resources & fertility

26
Q

psychological factors:

A

inner qualities- personality, point of view, attitude, beliefs, values, ambitions, and abilities

27
Q

passionate love:

A

euphoria, intimacy, intense sexual attraction; burns out quickly

28
Q

companionate love:

A

affection, trust, & concern; develops slower, but lasts longer

29
Q

what part of the brain is active when thinking of someone’s attributes?

A

medial prefrontal cortex

30
Q

social cognition:

A

processes by which people come to understand others

31
Q

stereotyping:

A

drawing inferences about others based on knowledge of the categories to which others belong; can be inaccurate, overused, blind to variability, self-perpetuating, confirmation bias

32
Q

attribution:

A

an inference about the cause of a person’s behavior

33
Q

situational attributions:

A

attribute the external situation as cause; traffic

34
Q

dispositional attributions:

A

attribute someone’s internal disposition as cause; lazy

35
Q

Correspondence bias:

A

making a dispositional attribute when a person’s behavior was caused by the situation; blaming laziness when really traffic; fundamental attribution error

36
Q

actor-observer effect:

A

making a situational attribution for our own behavior while making dispositional attributions for the identical behavior of others; I was sick, but he’s just lazy

37
Q

social influence:

A

ability to control another person’s behavior using: hedonic, approval, and accuracy motive

38
Q

hedonic motive:

A

pleasure seeking; basic; reward and punishment on behavior; operant conditioning

39
Q

approval motive:

A

normative influence- another person’s behavior provides info. about what is appropriate

norm of reciprocity- “you owe me one”

door-in-the-face technique- big then small request

conformity

obedience

40
Q

accuracy motive:

A

informational influence: others’ behavior provides info. on what is good & right; right is better than wrong

41
Q

systematic persuasion:

A

appeals to reason

42
Q

heuristic persuasion:

A

appeals to habits or emotions

43
Q

foot-in-the-door:

A

small then large request

44
Q

cognitive dissonance:

A

inconsistency between actions and believes is stressful; change beliefs to match actions; “I love my job.”

45
Q

ppl asked to do a dull task, then given $1 and $20 to recruit ppl; which report actually liking the test?

A

those given $1 because they had to convince themselves that they did; cognitive dissonance does not work if we get rewards for lying to ourselves.

46
Q

frustration-aggression hypothesis:

A

animals aggress when and only when their goals are frustrated

47
Q

disadvantage of groups:

A

pay less attention to expertise and more to status; leads to bad decisions sometimes

48
Q

ACC:

A

anterior cingulate cortex- physical pain

49
Q

RVPC:

A

pain relief

50
Q

whoever makes the “first move” is more ….. , the other person then tends to be more …..

A

eager; choosy

51
Q

social exchange:

A

the hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits

52
Q

comparison level:

A

the cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relationship

53
Q

equity:

A

a state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of two partners are roughly equal

54
Q

perceptual confirmation:

A

the tendency for people to see what they expect to see

55
Q

subtyping:

A

the tendency for people who are faced with disconfirming evidence to modify their stereotypes rather than abandon them

56
Q

stereotyping occurs:

A

unconsciously and automatically

57
Q

negative effect:

A

aggression is more likely to occur when a person is experiencing negative situations; temperature

Intro. to Psych Science (10 decks)

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