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Microbiology 2 > Ch.13 Flashcards > Flashcards

Ch.13 Flashcards

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1
Q

A circumscribed pus-filled lesion

A

Abscess

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2
Q

A combination of deafness, impaired vision, and notched, peg-shaped teeth that occurs in children

A

Hutchinson’s triad

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3
Q

A condition in which people without gonorrhea have a demonstrable infection of the urethra usually characterized by inflammation, and often accompanied by discharge

A

Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

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4
Q

A flat, red area on the skin with small, raised papules

A

Maculopapular rash

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5
Q

A group of connected, deeper abscesses

A

Carbuncles

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6
Q

A group of infectious diseases usually transmitted through sexual contact affecting both males and females

A

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD)

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7
Q

A minor infection at the base of a hair follicle

A

Folliculitis

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8
Q

A more widespread and highly contagious staphylococcal skin disease

A

Impetigo

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9
Q

A soft, painless, gummy noninfectious granular lesion

A

Gumma

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10
Q

A very fragile organism that is sensitive to dehydration and can only survive a brief period outside the body, so it is rarely contracted from a dry surface such as a toilet seat

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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11
Q

A warm, painful abcess that develops in the region of a hair follicle; also known as boil

A

Furuncle

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12
Q

Also known as chlamydial urethritis

A

Chlamydia

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13
Q

An eye redness due to dilation of the conjunctival blood vessels; commonly called pink eye or red eye

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

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14
Q

An inflammation and swelling of the cornea

A

Keratitis

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15
Q

An STD believed to be more prevalent worldwide than gonorrhea or syphilis is

A

Chancroid

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16
Q

Another bacterium that also infects hair follicles and can cause folliculitis

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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17
Q

Another infection caused by this organism involves the formation of an abscess

A

S. aureus

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18
Q

Another type of NGU caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum

A

Ureaplasma urethritis

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19
Q

Antibodies experimentally produced against a single type of cell or substance

A

Monoclonal antibodies

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20
Q

Bacteremia following formation of carbuncles can occur requiring antibiotic treatment and debridement in

A

Staphylococcal contact diseases

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21
Q

Because infection is often associated with sweat gland activity and areas of the body subjected to rubbing or abrasion, this infection occurs on the neck, face, armpits, or buttocks

A

Staphylococcus aureus infection

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22
Q

Because this organism is heat sensitive, the symptoms occur in the skin and peripheral nervous system in the cooler parts of the body, such as the hands, feet, face, and earlobes

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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23
Q

Burning pain experienced on urination reflects

A

An infection in the urethra

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24
Q

Can be dected by observing gram-negative diplococci from cultivated swab samples as well as in white blood cells from the urogenital tract

A

Gonorrhea

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25
Q

Can be the result of skin abscess due to tampon insertion for example, surgery, or even tatooing

A

TSS

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26
Q

Causative agent of chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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27
Q

Causative agent of chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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28
Q

Causative agent of cat-scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae

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29
Q

Causative agent of leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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30
Q

Causative agent of pasteurellosis

A

Pasteurella multocida

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31
Q

Causative agent of scalded skin syndrome

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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32
Q

Causative agent of staphylococcal contact diseases

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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33
Q

Causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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34
Q

Causative agents of Rat-bite fever

A

Actinobacillus muris and Spirillum minus

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35
Q

Chlamydial uretheritis represents one of several diseases collectively known as

A

Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

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36
Q

Chlamydial urethritis, if left untreated, might progress to

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

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37
Q

Commonly called Hansen disease

A

Leprosy

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38
Q

Commonly known as gonococcus, has a characteristic double-bean shape

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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39
Q

Commonly known as veneral diseases

A

STDs

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40
Q

Condition resulting from most dog or cat bites resulting in local redness, warmth and swelling at the wound site

A

Pasteurellosis

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41
Q

Condition that results from scratch, bite or lick of infected cat

A

Cat-scratch disease (CSD)

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42
Q

Condition where 50 percent of women are asymptomatic, but the cervix might be reddened, burning sensation upon urination might be experienced, menstrual cycle may be interrupted, salpingitis and PID might occur, and sterility may result from a scar tissue after the disease has been treated

A

Gonorrhea

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43
Q

Condition where a patient’s personality and judgment are altered and might cause insanity

A

Syphilis

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44
Q

Condition where a tender papule surrounded by erythema forms at the entry site, becomes pus-filled and then breaks down giving a saucer-shaped ulcer that has ragged edges and soft borders

A

Chancroid

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45
Q

Condition where chlamydiae multiply in the conjuncitva, a series of tiny, pale nodules form on this membrane, giving it a rough apperance

A

Trachoma

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46
Q

Condition where most women encounter no outward symptoms, although for some there may be a foul smelling, grayish white discharge

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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47
Q

Condition where patients experience a lesion at the site of the bite or scratch then a typical triad of prolonged fever, pain in the back and joints, and skin rash

A

Rat-bite fever

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48
Q

Condition where scarring of the conjunctiva occurs and the eyelashes turn inwards and abrade the cornea, eventually leading to blindness

A

Trachoma

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49
Q

Condition where silver nitrate treatment is not effective, azithromycin or doxycycline is effective in normal patients, erythromycin is effective in pregnant women

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis

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50
Q

Condition where the discharge is variable in quantity, urethral pain is usually aggravated during urination

A

Ureaplasma urethritis

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51
Q

Condition where the initial infection sets up a hypersensitive state, so that repeated infections result in chronic inflammation

A

Trachoma

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52
Q

Condition where the skin becomes red, wrinkled and tender to touch, with a sandpaper appearance and the epidermis may then peel off; caused by exotoxins produced by staphylococci

A

Scalded skin syndrome

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53
Q

Condition whose symptoms are more acute in males, a tingling sensation in the penis occurs, a yellow and thick fluid resembling semen is discharged, frequent urination and urge to urinate develops, sharp pain in testicles might be felt

A

Gonorrhea

54
Q

Considered a curse of the damned that does not kill and neither seem to end

A

Leprosy

55
Q

Consists of the primary sex organs, the ovaries, and several accessory sex organs

A

Female reproductive system

56
Q

Development of a fertilized egg outside the womb, often in a fallopian tube

A

Ectopic pregnancy

57
Q

Disease also known as soft chancre

A

Chancroid

58
Q

Disease characterized by sudden fever and circulatory collapse, caused by an exotoxin-producing strain of S. aureus

A

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

59
Q

Disease that has an unusually long incubation period of three to six years, a factor making diagnosis difficult

A

Leprosy

60
Q

Disease that is endemic in many developing nations, and it is common in tropical climates and where public health standards are low

A

Chancroid

61
Q

Disease whose symptoms are similar to those of other diseases and called great imitator

A

Syphilis

62
Q

Disease whose symptoms include a skin rash that appears as reddish-brown spots on the palms, soles, face, and scalp ; loss of eyebrows often occurs accompanied with patchy loss of hair on the head

A

Secondary syphilis

63
Q

For many years, the principal drug and treatment of leprosy was a sulfur compound known as

A

Dapsone

64
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella, and Peptostreptococcus replace lactocacilli in this condition

A

Bacterial vaginosis

65
Q

Genomic relation between M. leprae and M. tuberulosis

A

M. leprae has more than half the genes in M. tuberculosis missing from its genome

66
Q

Gram-negative bacterium without a peptidoglycan

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

67
Q

Has a biphasic and unique reproductive cycle consiting of an elementary body and a reticulate body

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

68
Q

Humans are the only hosts for this organism which must be spread by direct human-to-human contact, usually by sexual intercourse

A

Treponema pallidum and Chlamydia trachomatis

69
Q

In complicated forms of this disease, salpingitis might occur

A

Chlamydial urethritis

70
Q

In females, those three are colonized by indigenous population of microbes

A

Vagina, vulva, and cervix

71
Q

In Japan and other parts in Asia, Spirillum-related rat-bite fever is known as

A

Sodoku

72
Q

In males, only this is colonized by indigenous microbes

A

Urethra

73
Q

In untreated patients with this condition, most patient recover, but they bear pitted scars from the healed lesions and remain pockmarked

A

Secondary syphilis

74
Q

Infants afflicted with this disease and who were born alive (stillbirth did not occur) might develop skin lesions, suffer poor bone formation, meningitis, or Hutchinson’s triad

A

Congenital syphilis

75
Q

Infection which is more superficial and appears as thin-walled blisters oozing a yellowish fluid that forms a yellowish-brown flaky crust

A

Impetigo

76
Q

Infertility in males and salpingits in females are consequences of this NGU disease

A

Ureaplasma urethritis

77
Q

Inflammation of the rectum

A

Proctitis

78
Q

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes

A

Salpingitis

79
Q

Inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and or ovaries

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

80
Q

Known as the silent disease because the organism does not cause extensive tissue injury directly

A

Chlamydia

81
Q

Lesion which is a painless circular, purplish ulcer with a small raised margin with hard edges

A

Chancre

82
Q

Major male sex hormone produced by the testes

A

Testosterone

83
Q

Mucociliary escalator, mucus containing a variety of antimicrobial chemicals, and antibacterial peptides are antimicrobial mechanisms found in the

A

Cervix

84
Q

Multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A

Methicillin-resistant S.aureus

85
Q

Newborns may contract C. trachomatis during delivery from an infected mother and develop a disease of the eyes known as

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis

86
Q

Normally produce lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the vagina

A

Lactobacillus

87
Q

Occurs in females when there is a disruption in the normal balance of vaginal microbiota

A

Bacterial vaginosis

88
Q

Often considered as hidden epidemics because some individuals don’t realize they are infected or are reluctant to disclose their condition for social reasons

A

STDs

89
Q

Organism causing abscesses: furuncles, and carbuncles

A

Staphylococcus aureus

90
Q

Organism refered to as T-mycoplasma because tiny colonies of the organism develop in laboratory media

A

Ureaplasma urealyticum

91
Q

Patients with this condition experience disfiguring of the skin and bone, twisting of the limbs, and curling of the fingers to form characteristic claw hands

A

Leprosy

92
Q

Patients with this condition will enter a latent period that includes relapses of the disease for a while, then it either remains asymptomatic or slowly progresses to the third stage

A

Secondary syphilis

93
Q

Produces, maintains, and transports sperm cells and is the source of male sex hormones

A

Male reproductive system

94
Q

Rapid-rising fever, vomitting and watery diarrhea, severe muscle aches, peeling of skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, a sudden drop in blood pressure leading to shock and heart failure

A

Toxic shock syndrome

95
Q

Red-clustered blisters at the site of entry in addition to swollen lymph nodes occur in patients with this disease

A

CSD

96
Q

Reducing acute infections in children involved surgery of the eyelids, antibiotics for acute infections, facial hygiene improvements, and environmental access to safe water

A

SAFE

97
Q

Refering to the testes, which produce sperm

A

Primary sex organs

98
Q

Serotype A, B, and C of C. trachomatis that are not sexually transmitted but rather by personal contact with contaminated fingers, towels, and optical instruments cause this disease

A

Trachoma

99
Q

Spirochete having endoflagella and causing syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

100
Q

Stage of syphilis that occurs after several weeks following the healing of the chancre and occurs in untreated patients

A

Secondary syphilis

101
Q

Stage of syphilis that occurs in many forms, but most commonly it involves the skin, skeletal, or cardiovascular and nervous systems

A

Tertiary syphilis

102
Q

Staphylococci, pneumococci, or streptococci are the major causative agents of this eye disease

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

103
Q

STDs also known as this name because the person might be infected and can potentially infect others but without showing signs of disease

A

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

104
Q

Symptom of leprosy where loss of facial features accompanied by a thickening of the outer ear and collapse of the nose in addition to lepromas

A

Multibacillary or lepromatous leprosy

105
Q

Symptom of leprosy where loss of pain sensation due to nerve damage occurs

A

Paucibacillary or tuberculoid leprosy

106
Q

Teems with spirochetes and represents the stage that is the most infectious

A

Chancre

107
Q

The causative agent of gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

108
Q

The epididymis, the vas deferens, the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland and the bulbourethral glands are

A

Male accessory reproductive organs

109
Q

The fallopian tube, the uterus, vagina, and vulva are

A

Female accessory reproductive organs

110
Q

The first stage of syphilis that is characterized by the appearance of a chancre usually on the genital organs

A

Primary syphilis

111
Q

The hallmark of staphylococcal skin diseases is the production of

A

pus-filled pockets in the skin

112
Q

The hallmark of tertiary syphilis is the

A

Gumma

113
Q

The lesions in chancroid often occur on

A

the penis in males and the labia or clitoris in females

114
Q

The lower portion of the uterus and the part that opens into the vagina; it is a common site of infection

A

Cervix

115
Q

The most frequently reported STD globally is

A

Chlamydia

116
Q

The nonreplicating, extracellular, infectious phase of C. trachomatis reproductive cycle

A

Elementary Body (EB)

117
Q

The replicating, intracellular, noninfectious phase of C. trachomatis reproductive cycle

A

Reticulate body

118
Q

The second most fequently reported notifiable STD in the United States

A

Gonorrhea

119
Q

The worlds leading cause of preventable blindness

A

Trachoma

120
Q

This complication of gonorrhea may develop in the pharynx if bacterial cells are transmitted by oral-genital contact

A

Gonococcal pharyngitis

121
Q

This complication of gonorrhea may develop in the rectum especially in individuals performing anal intercourse

A

Gonococcal proctitis

122
Q

This complication of gonorrhea might occur where the bacterial cells are transmitted to the eyes by fingertips or towels

A

Keratitis

123
Q

This condition occurs in infants born to infected women where the infants may contract gonococci during passage through the birth canal

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis

124
Q

This species thrives in the vagina and contributes to the acidic pH which discourages the growth of potential pathogens

A

Lactobacillus

125
Q

Transmission of this disease does not require sexual contact, contact with the lesion produced is enough

A

Chancroid

126
Q

Treponema palidum might penetrate the placental barrier of infected pregnant women and cause

A

Congenital syphilis

127
Q

Very small bacteria with an obligate intracellular lifestyle

A

Chlamydiae

128
Q

Was known as the Great Pox

A

Syphilis

129
Q

The rapid plasma reagin and VDRL test are both used in the diagnosis of

A

Syphilis

130
Q

Can be contracted by contact with nasal secretions

A

Leprosy

Microbiology 2 (10 decks)

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