Ch.13 Flashcards
A circumscribed pus-filled lesion
Abscess
A combination of deafness, impaired vision, and notched, peg-shaped teeth that occurs in children
Hutchinson’s triad
A condition in which people without gonorrhea have a demonstrable infection of the urethra usually characterized by inflammation, and often accompanied by discharge
Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
A flat, red area on the skin with small, raised papules
Maculopapular rash
A group of connected, deeper abscesses
Carbuncles
A group of infectious diseases usually transmitted through sexual contact affecting both males and females
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
A minor infection at the base of a hair follicle
Folliculitis
A more widespread and highly contagious staphylococcal skin disease
Impetigo
A soft, painless, gummy noninfectious granular lesion
Gumma
A very fragile organism that is sensitive to dehydration and can only survive a brief period outside the body, so it is rarely contracted from a dry surface such as a toilet seat
Neisseria gonorrhea
A warm, painful abcess that develops in the region of a hair follicle; also known as boil
Furuncle
Also known as chlamydial urethritis
Chlamydia
An eye redness due to dilation of the conjunctival blood vessels; commonly called pink eye or red eye
Bacterial conjunctivitis
An inflammation and swelling of the cornea
Keratitis
An STD believed to be more prevalent worldwide than gonorrhea or syphilis is
Chancroid
Another bacterium that also infects hair follicles and can cause folliculitis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Another infection caused by this organism involves the formation of an abscess
S. aureus
Another type of NGU caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum
Ureaplasma urethritis
Antibodies experimentally produced against a single type of cell or substance
Monoclonal antibodies
Bacteremia following formation of carbuncles can occur requiring antibiotic treatment and debridement in
Staphylococcal contact diseases
Because infection is often associated with sweat gland activity and areas of the body subjected to rubbing or abrasion, this infection occurs on the neck, face, armpits, or buttocks
Staphylococcus aureus infection
Because this organism is heat sensitive, the symptoms occur in the skin and peripheral nervous system in the cooler parts of the body, such as the hands, feet, face, and earlobes
Mycobacterium leprae
Burning pain experienced on urination reflects
An infection in the urethra
Can be dected by observing gram-negative diplococci from cultivated swab samples as well as in white blood cells from the urogenital tract
Gonorrhea
Can be the result of skin abscess due to tampon insertion for example, surgery, or even tatooing
TSS
Causative agent of chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi
Causative agent of chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis
Causative agent of cat-scratch disease
Bartonella henselae
Causative agent of leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
Causative agent of pasteurellosis
Pasteurella multocida
Causative agent of scalded skin syndrome
Staphylococcus aureus
Causative agent of staphylococcal contact diseases
Staphylococcus aureus
Causative agent of syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Causative agents of Rat-bite fever
Actinobacillus muris and Spirillum minus
Chlamydial uretheritis represents one of several diseases collectively known as
Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
Chlamydial urethritis, if left untreated, might progress to
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Commonly called Hansen disease
Leprosy
Commonly known as gonococcus, has a characteristic double-bean shape
Neisseria gonorrhea
Commonly known as veneral diseases
STDs
Condition resulting from most dog or cat bites resulting in local redness, warmth and swelling at the wound site
Pasteurellosis
Condition that results from scratch, bite or lick of infected cat
Cat-scratch disease (CSD)
Condition where 50 percent of women are asymptomatic, but the cervix might be reddened, burning sensation upon urination might be experienced, menstrual cycle may be interrupted, salpingitis and PID might occur, and sterility may result from a scar tissue after the disease has been treated
Gonorrhea
Condition where a patient’s personality and judgment are altered and might cause insanity
Syphilis
Condition where a tender papule surrounded by erythema forms at the entry site, becomes pus-filled and then breaks down giving a saucer-shaped ulcer that has ragged edges and soft borders
Chancroid
Condition where chlamydiae multiply in the conjuncitva, a series of tiny, pale nodules form on this membrane, giving it a rough apperance
Trachoma
Condition where most women encounter no outward symptoms, although for some there may be a foul smelling, grayish white discharge
Bacterial vaginosis
Condition where patients experience a lesion at the site of the bite or scratch then a typical triad of prolonged fever, pain in the back and joints, and skin rash
Rat-bite fever
Condition where scarring of the conjunctiva occurs and the eyelashes turn inwards and abrade the cornea, eventually leading to blindness
Trachoma
Condition where silver nitrate treatment is not effective, azithromycin or doxycycline is effective in normal patients, erythromycin is effective in pregnant women
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Condition where the discharge is variable in quantity, urethral pain is usually aggravated during urination
Ureaplasma urethritis
Condition where the initial infection sets up a hypersensitive state, so that repeated infections result in chronic inflammation
Trachoma
Condition where the skin becomes red, wrinkled and tender to touch, with a sandpaper appearance and the epidermis may then peel off; caused by exotoxins produced by staphylococci
Scalded skin syndrome
Condition whose symptoms are more acute in males, a tingling sensation in the penis occurs, a yellow and thick fluid resembling semen is discharged, frequent urination and urge to urinate develops, sharp pain in testicles might be felt
Gonorrhea
Considered a curse of the damned that does not kill and neither seem to end
Leprosy
Consists of the primary sex organs, the ovaries, and several accessory sex organs
Female reproductive system
Development of a fertilized egg outside the womb, often in a fallopian tube
Ectopic pregnancy
Disease also known as soft chancre
Chancroid
Disease characterized by sudden fever and circulatory collapse, caused by an exotoxin-producing strain of S. aureus
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
Disease that has an unusually long incubation period of three to six years, a factor making diagnosis difficult
Leprosy
Disease that is endemic in many developing nations, and it is common in tropical climates and where public health standards are low
Chancroid
Disease whose symptoms are similar to those of other diseases and called great imitator
Syphilis
Disease whose symptoms include a skin rash that appears as reddish-brown spots on the palms, soles, face, and scalp ; loss of eyebrows often occurs accompanied with patchy loss of hair on the head
Secondary syphilis
For many years, the principal drug and treatment of leprosy was a sulfur compound known as
Dapsone
Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella, and Peptostreptococcus replace lactocacilli in this condition
Bacterial vaginosis
Genomic relation between M. leprae and M. tuberulosis
M. leprae has more than half the genes in M. tuberculosis missing from its genome
Gram-negative bacterium without a peptidoglycan
Chlamydia trachomatis
Has a biphasic and unique reproductive cycle consiting of an elementary body and a reticulate body
Chlamydia trachomatis
Humans are the only hosts for this organism which must be spread by direct human-to-human contact, usually by sexual intercourse
Treponema pallidum and Chlamydia trachomatis
In complicated forms of this disease, salpingitis might occur
Chlamydial urethritis
In females, those three are colonized by indigenous population of microbes
Vagina, vulva, and cervix
In Japan and other parts in Asia, Spirillum-related rat-bite fever is known as
Sodoku
In males, only this is colonized by indigenous microbes
Urethra
In untreated patients with this condition, most patient recover, but they bear pitted scars from the healed lesions and remain pockmarked
Secondary syphilis
Infants afflicted with this disease and who were born alive (stillbirth did not occur) might develop skin lesions, suffer poor bone formation, meningitis, or Hutchinson’s triad
Congenital syphilis
Infection which is more superficial and appears as thin-walled blisters oozing a yellowish fluid that forms a yellowish-brown flaky crust
Impetigo
Infertility in males and salpingits in females are consequences of this NGU disease
Ureaplasma urethritis
Inflammation of the rectum
Proctitis
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
Salpingitis
Inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and or ovaries
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Known as the silent disease because the organism does not cause extensive tissue injury directly
Chlamydia
Lesion which is a painless circular, purplish ulcer with a small raised margin with hard edges
Chancre
Major male sex hormone produced by the testes
Testosterone
Mucociliary escalator, mucus containing a variety of antimicrobial chemicals, and antibacterial peptides are antimicrobial mechanisms found in the
Cervix
Multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant S.aureus
Newborns may contract C. trachomatis during delivery from an infected mother and develop a disease of the eyes known as
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Normally produce lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the vagina
Lactobacillus
Occurs in females when there is a disruption in the normal balance of vaginal microbiota
Bacterial vaginosis
Often considered as hidden epidemics because some individuals don’t realize they are infected or are reluctant to disclose their condition for social reasons
STDs
Organism causing abscesses: furuncles, and carbuncles
Staphylococcus aureus
Organism refered to as T-mycoplasma because tiny colonies of the organism develop in laboratory media
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Patients with this condition experience disfiguring of the skin and bone, twisting of the limbs, and curling of the fingers to form characteristic claw hands
Leprosy
Patients with this condition will enter a latent period that includes relapses of the disease for a while, then it either remains asymptomatic or slowly progresses to the third stage
Secondary syphilis
Produces, maintains, and transports sperm cells and is the source of male sex hormones
Male reproductive system
Rapid-rising fever, vomitting and watery diarrhea, severe muscle aches, peeling of skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, a sudden drop in blood pressure leading to shock and heart failure
Toxic shock syndrome
Red-clustered blisters at the site of entry in addition to swollen lymph nodes occur in patients with this disease
CSD
Reducing acute infections in children involved surgery of the eyelids, antibiotics for acute infections, facial hygiene improvements, and environmental access to safe water
SAFE
Refering to the testes, which produce sperm
Primary sex organs
Serotype A, B, and C of C. trachomatis that are not sexually transmitted but rather by personal contact with contaminated fingers, towels, and optical instruments cause this disease
Trachoma
Spirochete having endoflagella and causing syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Stage of syphilis that occurs after several weeks following the healing of the chancre and occurs in untreated patients
Secondary syphilis
Stage of syphilis that occurs in many forms, but most commonly it involves the skin, skeletal, or cardiovascular and nervous systems
Tertiary syphilis
Staphylococci, pneumococci, or streptococci are the major causative agents of this eye disease
Bacterial conjunctivitis
STDs also known as this name because the person might be infected and can potentially infect others but without showing signs of disease
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Symptom of leprosy where loss of facial features accompanied by a thickening of the outer ear and collapse of the nose in addition to lepromas
Multibacillary or lepromatous leprosy
Symptom of leprosy where loss of pain sensation due to nerve damage occurs
Paucibacillary or tuberculoid leprosy
Teems with spirochetes and represents the stage that is the most infectious
Chancre
The causative agent of gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhea
The epididymis, the vas deferens, the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland and the bulbourethral glands are
Male accessory reproductive organs
The fallopian tube, the uterus, vagina, and vulva are
Female accessory reproductive organs
The first stage of syphilis that is characterized by the appearance of a chancre usually on the genital organs
Primary syphilis
The hallmark of staphylococcal skin diseases is the production of
pus-filled pockets in the skin
The hallmark of tertiary syphilis is the
Gumma
The lesions in chancroid often occur on
the penis in males and the labia or clitoris in females
The lower portion of the uterus and the part that opens into the vagina; it is a common site of infection
Cervix
The most frequently reported STD globally is
Chlamydia
The nonreplicating, extracellular, infectious phase of C. trachomatis reproductive cycle
Elementary Body (EB)
The replicating, intracellular, noninfectious phase of C. trachomatis reproductive cycle
Reticulate body
The second most fequently reported notifiable STD in the United States
Gonorrhea
The worlds leading cause of preventable blindness
Trachoma
This complication of gonorrhea may develop in the pharynx if bacterial cells are transmitted by oral-genital contact
Gonococcal pharyngitis
This complication of gonorrhea may develop in the rectum especially in individuals performing anal intercourse
Gonococcal proctitis
This complication of gonorrhea might occur where the bacterial cells are transmitted to the eyes by fingertips or towels
Keratitis
This condition occurs in infants born to infected women where the infants may contract gonococci during passage through the birth canal
Neonatal conjunctivitis
This species thrives in the vagina and contributes to the acidic pH which discourages the growth of potential pathogens
Lactobacillus
Transmission of this disease does not require sexual contact, contact with the lesion produced is enough
Chancroid
Treponema palidum might penetrate the placental barrier of infected pregnant women and cause
Congenital syphilis
Very small bacteria with an obligate intracellular lifestyle
Chlamydiae
Was known as the Great Pox
Syphilis
The rapid plasma reagin and VDRL test are both used in the diagnosis of
Syphilis
Can be contracted by contact with nasal secretions
Leprosy
