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Microbiology 2 > Ch.10 Flashcards > Flashcards

Ch.10 Flashcards

1
Q

A complication of meningococcal meningitis where lesions form in the adrenal glands and causes hormone imbalances; caused by an endotoxin released in the blood

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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2
Q

A complication of Streptococcal pharyngitis; an inflammation characterized by fever and joint pain

A

Rheumatic fever

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3
Q

A condition caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae in young adults and S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae among middle-aged and older individuals

A

Bacterial bronchitis

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4
Q

A dangerous form of meningitis caused by N. meningitidis that attaches to the nasopharyngeal mucosa by pili

A

Meningococcal meningitis

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5
Q

A delayed hypersensitivity test that begins with the application of a purified protein derivative (PPD) of M. tuberculosis to the skin

A

Tuberculin reaction

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6
Q

A distinctive “fried-egg” colony appears when this microorganism is put on blood agar

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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7
Q

A form of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenza Type b

A

Haemophilus meningitis

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8
Q

A form of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Pneumococcal meningitis

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9
Q

A fragile organism that does not survive easily in the environment

A

N. meningitidis

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10
Q

A fragile, pleomorphic bacterium that is recognized as one of the smallest bacterial species causing human diseases

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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11
Q

A hard nodule consisting of phagocytosed but undestroyed bacilli, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts and forming a mass in the lung

A

Tubercle

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12
Q

A mild infection which causes an influenza-like illness that lasts 2 to 5 days but does not cause pneumonia

A

Pontaic fever

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13
Q

A more insidious form of pneumonia often including symptoms as fever, cough, headache, and myalgia.

A

Atypical pneumonia

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14
Q

A prophage-encoded exotoxin that inhibits the translation process by ribosomes resulting in a pseudomembrane is secreted by

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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15
Q

A term used to reflect the more widespread occurrence of Psittacosis in bird species

A

Ornithosis

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16
Q

A thick, raised, red welt

A

Induration

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17
Q

A type of Pneumonia that refers to patients complaining of a cough, fever, and chest pain

A

Typical pneumonia

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18
Q

Acid-fast bacteria causing TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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19
Q

Active tuberculosis developing throughout the body to the liver, kidney, meninges and bone

A

Miliary (disseminated) tuberculosis

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20
Q

Additional mechanical methods to eliminate microbes trapped in the mucus of the respiratory tract

A

Sneezing and coughing

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21
Q

Aerobic, club-shaped, gram-positive rod

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria characteristics (O2, Gram,shape)

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22
Q

Aerobic, gram-negative, rod

A

Legionella pneumophila characteristics (O2, gram, shape)

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23
Q

Agent of one type of pneumonia, causes primary disease or secondary disease in alcoholics or people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

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24
Q

Agent of pneumococcal pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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25
Q

Agent of Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetii

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26
Q

Alveolar fluid containing IgG and lysozymes is a kind of

A

Filtering out foreign molecules in the LRT

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27
Q

Alveolar macrophages recruiting neutrophils from the pulmonary capillaries is a mechanism

A

To help clear the invaders of the LRT

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28
Q

An accumulation of dead tissue, mucus, WBCs, and fibrous materials

A

Pseudomembrane

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29
Q

An enzyme released by S. pyogenes and converts plasminogen into plasmin

A

Streptokinase

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30
Q

An unencapsulated bacterial strain that causes pneumonia in 10% of hospital-acquired pneumonia cases

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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31
Q

Bacteria often found on the skin

A

Group A streptococci (GAS)

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32
Q

Bacteria that are part of the skin microbiota and also present in external nares:

A

PC: Propionibacterium and Corynebacterium

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33
Q

Bacteria that could live and grow within the protective confines of waterborne protozoa living in aquatic environments

A

Legionella pneumophila

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34
Q

Bacterial cells grow and secrete toxins causing damage to pharyngeal tissue and inflammation of the tonsils and oropharynx in

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)

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35
Q

Bacterial cells remain in clumps after multiplying and form a palisade arrangement

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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36
Q

Bacterium that exists where water collects(lakes, stagnant pools, air-conditioning units) and apparently becomes airborne in wind gusts and breezes

A

Legionella pneumophila

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37
Q

Bronchitis persisting for more than three months

A

Chronic bronchitis

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38
Q

Cause of the rash resulting in blood leaking through the walls of capillaries in Scarlet fever

A

Prophage-encoded erythrogenic exotoxins carried by certain strains of S. pyogenes

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39
Q

Caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae

A

Chlamydial pneumonia

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40
Q

Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila

A

Atypical pneumonia

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41
Q

Caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus inluenza Type b

A

Bacterial meningitis

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42
Q

Caused by S. pyogenes and is carried in the troat;an inflammation of the tonsils;surgery was the standard treatment

A

Tonsillitis

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43
Q

Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Typical pneumonia

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44
Q

Causes Streptococcal pharyngitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and acute glomerulonephritis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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45
Q

Condition caused by Bordetella Pertussis

A

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough

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46
Q

Condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis

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47
Q

Condition caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococus, or Pseudomonas whose treatment involves application of antibiotic ear drops

A

Otitis externa

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48
Q

Condition characterized by the infection and inflammation of the main airways to the lungs, an increase in mucus production, and narrowing of air passages

A

Acute bronchitis

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49
Q

Condition developing from a blockage at the openings to the sinuses

A

Acute sinusitis

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50
Q

Condition involving long-term infection, inflammation and damage to the middle ear and Eustachian tube obstruction

A

Chronic otitis media(COM)

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51
Q

Condition starting with a common cold infection of the URT by S.pneumoniae and H.influenza and then traveling through the Eustachian tube to the middle ear and causing fluid buildup and an environment for bacterial growth.

A

Acute otitis media

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52
Q

Condition where most individuals remain asymptomatic, while some experience a bronchopneumonia

A

Q fever

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53
Q

Condition where N. meningitidis invades the nonciliated epithelium and spreads to the blood

A

Meningococcemia

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54
Q

Condition whose symptoms resemble those of primary atypical pneumonia

A

Psittacosis

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55
Q

Damage arising from a response of the body’s antibodies to streptococcal M proteins cross reacting with similar proteins on heart muscle occurs in

A

Rheumatic heart disease

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56
Q

Disease consisting of an influenza-like URT infection caused by N. meningitidis

A

Meningococcal pharyngitis

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57
Q

Disease that does not develop unless the defenses of the body are compromised; mortality rate is highest among infants, the elderly, and those with underlying medical conditions.

A

Pneumococcal pneumoniae

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58
Q

Disease that is clinically similar to psittacosis and primary atypical pneumonia

A

Chlamydial pneumonia

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59
Q

Disease that occurs in older adults and people with a weakened immunity;Human-to-human transmission does not occur

A

Legionnaires’ disease

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60
Q

Disease transmitted from animals to humans

A

Zoonotic

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61
Q

Dormant form of TB where the tubercle undergoes fibrosis and calcification

A

Latent TB infection

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62
Q

DTaP vaccine

A

Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine

63
Q

Encompasses both Legionnaires’ disease and Pontaic fever

A

Legionellosis

64
Q

Facultative, gram-positive coccus

A

Streptococcus pyogenes characteristics (O2, Gram,shape)

65
Q

Facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus

A

Staphylococcus aureus characteristics (O2, gram, shape)

66
Q

Fluid trapped in the sinuses and WBCs trying to fight the infection cause

A

Increased pressure in the sinuses and more pain

67
Q

Fluid trapped in the sinuses becomes a nutrient growth medium for S. pneumonia and H. influenza

A

Acute sinusitis

68
Q

Form of K. pneumonia which is characterized by sudden onset and gelatinous reddish-brown sputum

A

Primary lobar pneumonia

69
Q

Form of K. pneumonia which occurs in already ill individuals and is a nosocomial disease

A

Secondary disease

70
Q

Generation time is 18 hours and the incubation period is relatively long

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

71
Q

Gram-negative, rod

A

Coxiella burnetti characteristics (gram, shape)

72
Q

Gram-negative, rod, opportunistic

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa characteristics (gram, shape, opportunistic or not)

73
Q

Gram-positive, diplococcus

A

Streptococcus pneumonia characteristics (gram, shape)

74
Q

Have no cell wall, no gram reaction and no sensitivity to penicillin

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

75
Q

If Staphyloccoccus aureus cells infect the lungs, this condition occurs

A

Necrotizing pneumonia

76
Q

Illness that occurs in previously healthy individuals and the organism differs from the typical pneumococcus

A

Primary atypical pneumonia

77
Q

Immunization is done by injecting a toxoid which is part of the DtaP vaccine

A

Diphtheria

78
Q

Immunization is done with Hib vaccine

A

Epiglottitis

79
Q

Infection of the epiglotis by H. influenza or S. pneumonia

A

Epiglottitis

80
Q

Infections occuring due to the excessive moisture in the ear canal, resulting in irritations and breaks in the skin of the canal and allowing bacterial cells to penetrate

A

Swimmer’s ear

81
Q

Inflammation of the external ear

A

Otitis externa

82
Q

Inflammation of the nasal passages

A

Rhinitis

83
Q

Inflammation of the sinuses

A

Sinusitis

84
Q

Initial stage of pertussis marked by general malaise and increasingly severe cough

A

Catarrhal

85
Q

Injection of PPD intradermally into the forearm

A

Mantoux test

86
Q

Involves the entrapment of microbes and particulate matter larger than 2 micrometers in a layer of mucus, which is then moved by ciliated epithelial cells towards the pharynx where it is either swallowed or expectorated

A

Mucociliary clearance

87
Q

Large particles removed by hairs in the nostril is a kind of

A

Filtering out foreign molecules in the nose

88
Q

Long-range effect of rheumatic fever resulting in permanent scarring and distortion of the heart valves

A

Rheumatic heart disease

89
Q

Lower respiratory tract (LRT) is composed of:

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

90
Q

Lysozyme, lactoferrin, anionic antimicrobial peptide, IgA and IgG antibodies, human defensins, and vitamin D are

A

Antimicrobial substances found in URT preventing microbes from reaching LRT

91
Q

Malnutrition, smoking, viral infections, and treatment with immuno-supressing drugs most often predispose one to

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae infections

92
Q

MDR-TB

A

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

93
Q

Merthiolate-killed B. pertussis cells found in

A

Diphteria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine

94
Q

Metachromatic granules appear blue when those bacterial cells are stained with methylene blue

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

95
Q

Microbicidal substances present in the nasal fluid in the anterior region of the nasal mucosa is a kind of

A

Filtering out foreign molecules in the nose

96
Q

Narrowing of the airways (especially the larynx) causing the person to exhibit stridor, a high pitched wheezing sound when breathing in or out, occurs in person having

A

Epiglottitis

97
Q

Nonmotile, gram-negative, rod, prominent capsule

A

Klebsiella pneumonia characteristics (motile or not, gram, shape, encapsulated or not)

98
Q

Nosocomial infection whose agent is commonly isolated from patients who have been hospitalized for more than a week or whose breathing is assisted with mechanical ventilation

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

99
Q

Not the result of a re-infection, but rather stems from a persistent biofilm that has colonized the middle ear tissue.

A

Chronic otitis media(COM)

100
Q

Occurs after primary atypical pneumonia; a condition where blood invasion does not occur and the disease is rarely fatal.

A

Walking pneumonia

101
Q

Occurs most often during winter and can be caused by a bacterial species following a URT viral infection

A

Infectious bronchitis

102
Q

One of the most common causes of hospital-acquired pneumonia results from an infection by

A

Staphylococcus aureus

103
Q

Opportunistic species that are part of the normal microbiota and cause serious illenesses in immunocompromised individuals; they are present in anterior nares, nasopharynx and oropharynx:

A

HSSN: Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Neisseria

104
Q

Pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat)

105
Q

Posterior two-thirds of the nasal mucosa involving mucociliary clearance to propel entrapped particles into the pharynx is a kind of

A

Filtering out foreign molecules in the nose

106
Q

Prevalent in livestock, in areas where animals are raised, housed, or transported, and in improperly pasteurized milk

A

Coxiella burnetii

107
Q

Primary TB infection that develops into the disease stage

A

Primary active TB disease

108
Q

Produces exotoxins that paralyze the ciliated cells and impair mucus movement, potentially causing pneumonia

A

Bordetella Pertussis

109
Q

Rapid-fire staccato coughs all in one exhalation, followed by a forced inhalation over a partially closed glottis (whoop)

A

Paroxysms

110
Q

Rare inflammatory response to specific types of M proteins where Ag-Ab complexes accumulate in the glomerulus in the kidney; a complication of streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

111
Q

Reactivation of TB bacilli in the latent TB infection that develops into the disease stage

A

Secondary active TB disease

112
Q

Region covered by alveolar fluid

A

LRT

113
Q

Respiratory and other body tissues are literally consumed in this condition, giving it an alternate name of “consumption”

A

Tuberculosis

114
Q

Responsible for Legionnaires’ disease

A

Legionella pneumophila

115
Q

Results in boils that may develop into a more spreading infection under the skin(cellulitis) at the tips of the nose, or even cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

S.aureus infection.

116
Q

Scattered patches of infection in the respiratory passageways

A

Bronchopneumonia

117
Q

Second stage of pertusiss marked by disintegrating cells, mucus accumulation in the airways, and labored breathing

A

Paroxysmal

118
Q

Serious condition that occurs when a localized infection develops into a blood infection that then invades the meninges

A

Acute bacterial meningitis

119
Q

Shorterm infections of the middle ear are called

A

Acute otitis media

120
Q

Sinusitis that has been ongoing for more than 8 to 12 weeks with more subtle symptoms and less pain

A

Chronic sinusitis

121
Q

Small particles and suspended bacteria trapped in the mucus covering the nasal mucosa is a kind of

A

Filtering out foreign molecules in the nose

122
Q

Small, aerobic, gram-negative rod

A

Bordetella pertussis characteristics(size,O2, Gram,shape)

123
Q

Small, aerobic, nonmotile,non due to presence of a waxy cell wall, rod

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis characteristics(size,O2,motile or not, Gram,shape)

124
Q

Small, encapsulated, aerobic, gram-negative diplococcus whose capsule contains 14 serogroups, with B the major cause of mortality

A

Neisseria meningitidis characteristics (size, encapsulated or not,O2, Gram,shape)

125
Q

Small, nonmotile,encapsulated, gram-negative rod

A

Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) characteristics(size,motile or not, encapsulated or not, Gram,shape)

126
Q

Sore throat which is not a disease by itself but a nonspecific inflammatory response to toxins or pathogens:

A

Pharyngitis

127
Q

Stage of TB where a person has a pulmonary infection and bacterial cells enter the alveoli

A

Primary TB infection

128
Q

Symptoms of that disease include hearing impairment leading to serious long-term effects on language and educational progress

A

Chronic otitis media(COM)

129
Q

TB patients with HIV test negative for the tuberculin skin test because

A

Without T-lymphocytes, they cannot produce the red welt signaling exposure.

130
Q

TB vaccine using an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis

A

Bacille Calmette-Guerin

131
Q

Term that means that parasites only grow inside host cells

A

Obligate, intracellular parasites

132
Q

Test results for latent TB infection

A

Positive tuberculin reaction, positive or negative chest X ray and negative sputum test

133
Q

Test results for primary active TB disease and secondary active TB disease

A

Positive tuberculin reaction, positive chest X ray and positive sputum test

134
Q

Test results for primary TB infection

A

Positive tuberculin reaction, negative chest X ray and negative sputum test

135
Q

Tetramune vaccine

A

DTaP and Hib

136
Q

The four groups of sinuses are:

A

FEMS: Frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid.

137
Q

The involvement of an entire lobe of the lung in pneumonia

A

Lobar pneumonia

138
Q

The involvement of both left and right lungs in pneumonia

A

Double pneumonia

139
Q

Thickened pseudomembrane resulting in respiratory blockage causing suffocation, arrythmia, and coma are all complications of

A

Diphtheria

140
Q

This condition is characterized by a build up of fluid in the alveoli

A

Pneumonia

141
Q

Treatment aimed at improving sinus drainage by using nasal sprays and curing infection by using antibiotics

A

Acute and chronic sinusitis

142
Q

Treatment requires antibiotics to eradicate the pathogen and antitoxins to neutralize the exotoxins

A

Diphtheria

143
Q

Upper respiratory tract (URT) is composed of:

A

Nose, sinus cavities, and pharynx

144
Q

XDR-TB

A

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis

145
Q

Zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydophila psittaci

A

Psittacosis

146
Q

Diphteria exotoxin is encoded by corynebacterium-containing prophage called

A

Corynephage

147
Q

Inflammation of the sinuses in connection to an inflammation of the nasal passages

A

Rhinosinusitis

148
Q

Vents the middle ear to the nasopharynx

A

Eustachian tube

149
Q

Ceruminous glands secrete this in the ear

A

Cerumen

150
Q

Antibiotic ear drops and oral antibiotics are supplemented; surgery is recommended to clear the obstruction when the infection is controlled

A

Otitis media

151
Q

Condition where infection through the meninges, brain, and spinal cord can be very rapid

A

Acute bacterial meningitis

152
Q

Condition whose symptoms include stiff neck, pounding headache, and sensitivity to bright light

A

Acute bacterial meningitis

153
Q

Organisms causing primary atypical pneumonia

A

Mucoplasma pneumoniae

154
Q

Strawberry-like inflamed tongue is typical of

A

Scarlet fever

Microbiology 2 (10 decks)

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