Ch.12 Flashcards
A complication of leptospirosis where kidneys might damage and jaundice is common
Weil disease
A form of anthrax acquired by workers who tan hides, shear sheep, or process wool and who inhale the spores
Inhalation anthrax
A living organism that transmits disease agents is called a
Vector
A papule containing pus
Pustule
A pustule of black, necrotic tissue that eventually crusts over
Anthrax lesion
A raised itchy bump that resembles an insect bite
Papule
A tissue with this condition is often debrided or the body part amputated
Gangrene
After the germination of spores and the multiplication of vegetative cells, those bacteria ferment muscle carbohydrates and decompose muscle proteins
Clostridium perfringens
Agent of this disease spreads to the skin, heart, nervous system, and joints; multiple smaller EM s form in the early disseminated stage
Lyme disease
Also called typhus fever
Epidemic typhus
Also known as rabbit fever since it is particularly prevalent in rabbits
Tularemia
An extremely virulent bacterium that can cause disease with as few as 10 to 50 CFUs
Francisella tularensis
An inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye
Conjunctivitis
Arthropodborne diseases occur primarily in the
Bloodstream
As the disease progresses, the rash appears on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and progressively spreads to the body trunk in
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
Booster injections of tetanus toxoid in this vaccine is recommended every 10 years
Td vaccine (tetanus shots)
Causative agent of anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
Causative agent of epidemic typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii
Causative agent of leptospirosis
Leptospira interrogans
Causative agent of Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Causative agent of plague
Yersinia pestis
Causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
Rickettsia rickettsii
Causative agent of tetanus
Clostridium tetani
Causative agent of tularemia
Francisella tularensis
Condition characterized by an acute inflammation of the intestines, nausea, loss of appetite, then abdominal pain, vomiting of blood, and severe diarrhea
Intestinal anthrax
Condition that, if untreated, has three stages: Early localized stage, early disseminated stage, and late stage
Lyme disease
Condition where a tick might attach to the host, penetrate the skin, take a blood meal, defecate into the wound, and transmit the bacterial agents if infected
Lyme disease
Condition where bacterial cells multiply in the bloodstream and localize in the lymph nodes; dark and purplish splotches from hemorrhages also can be seen through the skin,BP drops
Bubonic plague
Condition where if a tick is observed on the skin, it must be removed with forceps or tweezers, and the area should be thoroughly cleansed with soap and water before applying an antiseptic
Lyme disease
Condition where in some septicemic cases of plague, the bacilli may spread to the lungs; the disease is highly contagious
Pneumonic plague
Condition where a patient experiences intense fever, hallucinates and becomes delirious
Epidemic typhus
Condition where spasms of the jaw muscles cause the teeth to clench
Trismus or lockjaw
Condition where the umbilical stump of newborns becomes infected from non-sterile instruments or dressings and often leads to death
Neonatal tetanus
Condition where there is a maculopapular rash that appears first on the body trunk and progresses to the extremities
Epidemic typhus
Condition where Yersinia pestis spreads to the bloodstream
Septicemic plague
Condition where Yersinia pestis spreads to the meninges
Plague meningitis
Condition whose symptoms start as a common cold and then progress to severe breathing problems and shock
Inhalation anthrax
Considered as a threat in bioterrorism and in biological warfare
Anthrax
Consumption of contaminated or undercoocked meat may lead to this form of anthrax
Gastrointestinal anthrax
Develops when the blood flow ceases to part of the body, usually as a result of blockage by dead tissue; extermities become dry and shrunken; skin color changes to purplish or black
Gangrene
Disease named for Old Lyme, Connecticut, the suburban community where a cluster of cases was observed in 1975
Lyme disease
Disease that killed almost one third of Europes population in the 1300s
Plague
DNAse and hyaluronidase produced by lysed cells disrupt the tissues and facilatate the passage of this bacterium and the spread of the infection
C. perfringens
Enters the human body through the mucus membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth, or through the skin, especially through abrasions and the soft parts of the feet
L. interrogans
Foul odor, intense pain, swelling at the wound site, and anemia are symptoms of
Gas gangrene
Gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens
Gas gangrene or myonecrosis
Gas resulting from bacterial metabolism causes a crackling sound as it accumulates under the skin in
Gas gangrene
Hallmarks of this disease are a high fever lasting for many days, severe headaches, and a skin rash reflecting damage to the small blood vessels
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
Immunization of tetanus is done by injecting
Tetanus toxoid, as part of DTaP vaccine
In infected animals, those bacterial cells colonize the kidney tubules and are excreted in the urine to the soil and water
L. interrogans
In order for soilborne bacteria to resist environmental extremes, they often form
Endospores
In oxygen-free tissue of wound, those spores germinate into vegatative cells that produce several toxins
Clostridium tetani spores
In this condition, animals ingest the spores from the soil during grazing and soon are overwhelmed with vegetative bacterial cells as their organs fill with bloody black fluid
Anthrax
In the southwestern states in the U.S, plague is known as
Sylvatic plague
In this disease, the rash begins as pink spots (macules) and progresses to pink-red papules, those spots then fuse to form a maculopapular rash which becomes dark red and then fades without evidence of scarring
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
Most infections transmitted by ticks, lice, or fleas
Rickettsia rickettsii
Muscle spasms causing arching of the back
Opisthotonus
Obligate intracellular parasites
Rickettsia
One form of this disease is transmitted by consumption of infected rabbit meal, splashing of bacilli into the eye, or contact with an infected animal
Tularemia
One form of this disease occurs when one is bitten by an arthropod (usually ticks) leading to swollen lymph nodes and a skin ulcer at the bite site; individuals typically experience flu-like symptoms
Tularemia
One form of this disease occurs when some bacterial cells are inhaled leading to respiratory disease, swollen lymph nodes, a dry cough, and pain under the breast bone
Tularemia
One of the most dangerous human diseases
Tetanus
One of the most notorious of all bacterial disease, it is considered a prolific killer of humans
Epidemic typhus
Painful and substantial swelling of lymph nodes
Buboes
Patients develop chronic arthritis with swelling in the large joints, such as the knee in the late stage of this disease
Lyme disease
Patients who contract inhalation anthrax contract it as a form of pneumonia called
Woolsorter’s disease
Phase of leptopsirosis where the illness becomes systemic and fever returns in addition to meningitis, which can lead to stupor or coma; inflammation of the liver and lungs can occur
Second (late) phase
Phase of leptopsirosis where the illness becomes systemic and there is an acute onset of headache, muscle aches, vomiting, and nausea in addition to conjunctivitis
First (early) phase
Plague is transmitted by
Oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)
Plague stains heavily at the poles of the cell, giving it a safety-pin appearance called
Bipolar staining
Toxin that prevents the release of neurotransmitters needed to inhibit muscle contraction causing spasms and stiffness
Tetanospasmin
Rash accompanying 80% of cases of Lyme disease; can reach a diameter of 25 to 38 cm
Erythema migrans (EM)
Rash with intense red border and central clearing, usually hot to the touch and itchy
Bull’s-eye rash
Referring to the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue
Debridement
Referring to growth of bacterial cells in the blood
Septicemic
Refers to a lesion with a broad base that slopes from a raised center
Maculopapular rash
Refers to oxygen pressures higher than that normally found in the body
Hyperbaric oxygen
Refers to a disease endemic to a population of animals
Enzootic
Rickettsia prowazekii is transmitted to humans by
Body lice of the genus Pediculus
Risus sardonicus
Fixed smile (in tetanus)
Since rickettsiae are excreted in feces from the lice, this action will facilitate the infection of the wound
Scratching the bite
Skin abrasions with spore-contaminated animal products including violin bows, shaving bristles, goatskin drum-heads, and leather jackets can lead to this type of anthrax
Cutaneous anthrax
Spasmodic inhalation and seizures in the diaphragm and rib muscles leads to reduced ventilation and might lead to death in
Tetanus
Spores in very small numbers enter the body through a wound resulting from a fracture, gunshot, animal bite, or puncture by a piece of glass, a thorn, or a rusty nail in
Tetanus
Stage of Lyme disease that involves a slowly expanding red rash at the site of the tick bite
Early localized stage
The first bacterial species shown by Koch to be the causative agent of an infectious disease
Bacillus anthracis
The most important toxin released by C. perfringens which damages and lyses blood cells
Alpha-toxin
The most spread zoonosis
Leptospirosis
The second most powerful toxin known to science (after botulism toxin)
Tetanospasmin
The thick capsule of those cells impedes phagocytosis and the organisms produce three exotoxins that work together to cause disease
Bacillus anthracis
The undulating movements of L. interrogans results from contraction of
Endoflagella
This disease has had a great historical impact by bringing vast social, economic, and religious changes
Plague
This is primarily an enzootic disease of domestic herbivores
Anthrax
Tick that transmits most cases of Lyme disease in the Northeast and Midwest is the
Deer tick
Tick that transmits most cases of Lyme disease in the West
Western black-legged tick
Transmitted by hard ticks especially those of the genera Ambylomma and Dermacentor
RMSF
Treated with antibiotics, debridement, amputation or exposure to hyperbaric oxygen chamber
Gas gangrene
Vector for Plague transmission
Fleas
Vector for transmission of Lyme disease
Ticks
Vector for transmission of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Ticks
Vector for transmission of Tularemia
Ticks
Yersinia pestis causes the flea to become more voracious in finding a blood meal by
Clotting the flea’s digestive system
