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Microbiology 2 > Ch.12 Flashcards > Flashcards

Ch.12 Flashcards

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1
Q

A complication of leptospirosis where kidneys might damage and jaundice is common

A

Weil disease

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2
Q

A form of anthrax acquired by workers who tan hides, shear sheep, or process wool and who inhale the spores

A

Inhalation anthrax

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3
Q

A living organism that transmits disease agents is called a

A

Vector

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4
Q

A papule containing pus

A

Pustule

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5
Q

A pustule of black, necrotic tissue that eventually crusts over

A

Anthrax lesion

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6
Q

A raised itchy bump that resembles an insect bite

A

Papule

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7
Q

A tissue with this condition is often debrided or the body part amputated

A

Gangrene

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8
Q

After the germination of spores and the multiplication of vegetative cells, those bacteria ferment muscle carbohydrates and decompose muscle proteins

A

Clostridium perfringens

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9
Q

Agent of this disease spreads to the skin, heart, nervous system, and joints; multiple smaller EM s form in the early disseminated stage

A

Lyme disease

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10
Q

Also called typhus fever

A

Epidemic typhus

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11
Q

Also known as rabbit fever since it is particularly prevalent in rabbits

A

Tularemia

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12
Q

An extremely virulent bacterium that can cause disease with as few as 10 to 50 CFUs

A

Francisella tularensis

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13
Q

An inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye

A

Conjunctivitis

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14
Q

Arthropodborne diseases occur primarily in the

A

Bloodstream

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15
Q

As the disease progresses, the rash appears on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and progressively spreads to the body trunk in

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)

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16
Q

Booster injections of tetanus toxoid in this vaccine is recommended every 10 years

A

Td vaccine (tetanus shots)

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17
Q

Causative agent of anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

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18
Q

Causative agent of epidemic typhus

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

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19
Q

Causative agent of leptospirosis

A

Leptospira interrogans

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20
Q

Causative agent of Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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21
Q

Causative agent of plague

A

Yersinia pestis

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22
Q

Causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

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23
Q

Causative agent of tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

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24
Q

Causative agent of tularemia

A

Francisella tularensis

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25
Q

Condition characterized by an acute inflammation of the intestines, nausea, loss of appetite, then abdominal pain, vomiting of blood, and severe diarrhea

A

Intestinal anthrax

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26
Q

Condition that, if untreated, has three stages: Early localized stage, early disseminated stage, and late stage

A

Lyme disease

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27
Q

Condition where a tick might attach to the host, penetrate the skin, take a blood meal, defecate into the wound, and transmit the bacterial agents if infected

A

Lyme disease

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28
Q

Condition where bacterial cells multiply in the bloodstream and localize in the lymph nodes; dark and purplish splotches from hemorrhages also can be seen through the skin,BP drops

A

Bubonic plague

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29
Q

Condition where if a tick is observed on the skin, it must be removed with forceps or tweezers, and the area should be thoroughly cleansed with soap and water before applying an antiseptic

A

Lyme disease

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30
Q

Condition where in some septicemic cases of plague, the bacilli may spread to the lungs; the disease is highly contagious

A

Pneumonic plague

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31
Q

Condition where a patient experiences intense fever, hallucinates and becomes delirious

A

Epidemic typhus

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32
Q

Condition where spasms of the jaw muscles cause the teeth to clench

A

Trismus or lockjaw

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33
Q

Condition where the umbilical stump of newborns becomes infected from non-sterile instruments or dressings and often leads to death

A

Neonatal tetanus

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34
Q

Condition where there is a maculopapular rash that appears first on the body trunk and progresses to the extremities

A

Epidemic typhus

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35
Q

Condition where Yersinia pestis spreads to the bloodstream

A

Septicemic plague

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36
Q

Condition where Yersinia pestis spreads to the meninges

A

Plague meningitis

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37
Q

Condition whose symptoms start as a common cold and then progress to severe breathing problems and shock

A

Inhalation anthrax

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38
Q

Considered as a threat in bioterrorism and in biological warfare

A

Anthrax

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39
Q

Consumption of contaminated or undercoocked meat may lead to this form of anthrax

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

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40
Q

Develops when the blood flow ceases to part of the body, usually as a result of blockage by dead tissue; extermities become dry and shrunken; skin color changes to purplish or black

A

Gangrene

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41
Q

Disease named for Old Lyme, Connecticut, the suburban community where a cluster of cases was observed in 1975

A

Lyme disease

42
Q

Disease that killed almost one third of Europes population in the 1300s

A

Plague

43
Q

DNAse and hyaluronidase produced by lysed cells disrupt the tissues and facilatate the passage of this bacterium and the spread of the infection

A

C. perfringens

44
Q

Enters the human body through the mucus membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth, or through the skin, especially through abrasions and the soft parts of the feet

A

L. interrogans

45
Q

Foul odor, intense pain, swelling at the wound site, and anemia are symptoms of

A

Gas gangrene

46
Q

Gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens

A

Gas gangrene or myonecrosis

47
Q

Gas resulting from bacterial metabolism causes a crackling sound as it accumulates under the skin in

A

Gas gangrene

48
Q

Hallmarks of this disease are a high fever lasting for many days, severe headaches, and a skin rash reflecting damage to the small blood vessels

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)

49
Q

Immunization of tetanus is done by injecting

A

Tetanus toxoid, as part of DTaP vaccine

50
Q

In infected animals, those bacterial cells colonize the kidney tubules and are excreted in the urine to the soil and water

A

L. interrogans

51
Q

In order for soilborne bacteria to resist environmental extremes, they often form

A

Endospores

52
Q

In oxygen-free tissue of wound, those spores germinate into vegatative cells that produce several toxins

A

Clostridium tetani spores

53
Q

In this condition, animals ingest the spores from the soil during grazing and soon are overwhelmed with vegetative bacterial cells as their organs fill with bloody black fluid

A

Anthrax

54
Q

In the southwestern states in the U.S, plague is known as

A

Sylvatic plague

55
Q

In this disease, the rash begins as pink spots (macules) and progresses to pink-red papules, those spots then fuse to form a maculopapular rash which becomes dark red and then fades without evidence of scarring

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)

56
Q

Most infections transmitted by ticks, lice, or fleas

A

Rickettsia rickettsii

57
Q

Muscle spasms causing arching of the back

A

Opisthotonus

58
Q

Obligate intracellular parasites

A

Rickettsia

59
Q

One form of this disease is transmitted by consumption of infected rabbit meal, splashing of bacilli into the eye, or contact with an infected animal

A

Tularemia

60
Q

One form of this disease occurs when one is bitten by an arthropod (usually ticks) leading to swollen lymph nodes and a skin ulcer at the bite site; individuals typically experience flu-like symptoms

A

Tularemia

61
Q

One form of this disease occurs when some bacterial cells are inhaled leading to respiratory disease, swollen lymph nodes, a dry cough, and pain under the breast bone

A

Tularemia

62
Q

One of the most dangerous human diseases

A

Tetanus

63
Q

One of the most notorious of all bacterial disease, it is considered a prolific killer of humans

A

Epidemic typhus

64
Q

Painful and substantial swelling of lymph nodes

A

Buboes

65
Q

Patients develop chronic arthritis with swelling in the large joints, such as the knee in the late stage of this disease

A

Lyme disease

66
Q

Patients who contract inhalation anthrax contract it as a form of pneumonia called

A

Woolsorter’s disease

67
Q

Phase of leptopsirosis where the illness becomes systemic and fever returns in addition to meningitis, which can lead to stupor or coma; inflammation of the liver and lungs can occur

A

Second (late) phase

68
Q

Phase of leptopsirosis where the illness becomes systemic and there is an acute onset of headache, muscle aches, vomiting, and nausea in addition to conjunctivitis

A

First (early) phase

69
Q

Plague is transmitted by

A

Oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)

70
Q

Plague stains heavily at the poles of the cell, giving it a safety-pin appearance called

A

Bipolar staining

71
Q

Toxin that prevents the release of neurotransmitters needed to inhibit muscle contraction causing spasms and stiffness

A

Tetanospasmin

72
Q

Rash accompanying 80% of cases of Lyme disease; can reach a diameter of 25 to 38 cm

A

Erythema migrans (EM)

73
Q

Rash with intense red border and central clearing, usually hot to the touch and itchy

A

Bull’s-eye rash

74
Q

Referring to the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue

A

Debridement

75
Q

Referring to growth of bacterial cells in the blood

A

Septicemic

76
Q

Refers to a lesion with a broad base that slopes from a raised center

A

Maculopapular rash

77
Q

Refers to oxygen pressures higher than that normally found in the body

A

Hyperbaric oxygen

78
Q

Refers to a disease endemic to a population of animals

A

Enzootic

79
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii is transmitted to humans by

A

Body lice of the genus Pediculus

80
Q

Risus sardonicus

A

Fixed smile (in tetanus)

81
Q

Since rickettsiae are excreted in feces from the lice, this action will facilitate the infection of the wound

A

Scratching the bite

82
Q

Skin abrasions with spore-contaminated animal products including violin bows, shaving bristles, goatskin drum-heads, and leather jackets can lead to this type of anthrax

A

Cutaneous anthrax

83
Q

Spasmodic inhalation and seizures in the diaphragm and rib muscles leads to reduced ventilation and might lead to death in

A

Tetanus

84
Q

Spores in very small numbers enter the body through a wound resulting from a fracture, gunshot, animal bite, or puncture by a piece of glass, a thorn, or a rusty nail in

A

Tetanus

85
Q

Stage of Lyme disease that involves a slowly expanding red rash at the site of the tick bite

A

Early localized stage

86
Q

The first bacterial species shown by Koch to be the causative agent of an infectious disease

A

Bacillus anthracis

87
Q

The most important toxin released by C. perfringens which damages and lyses blood cells

A

Alpha-toxin

88
Q

The most spread zoonosis

A

Leptospirosis

89
Q

The second most powerful toxin known to science (after botulism toxin)

A

Tetanospasmin

90
Q

The thick capsule of those cells impedes phagocytosis and the organisms produce three exotoxins that work together to cause disease

A

Bacillus anthracis

91
Q

The undulating movements of L. interrogans results from contraction of

A

Endoflagella

92
Q

This disease has had a great historical impact by bringing vast social, economic, and religious changes

A

Plague

93
Q

This is primarily an enzootic disease of domestic herbivores

A

Anthrax

94
Q

Tick that transmits most cases of Lyme disease in the Northeast and Midwest is the

A

Deer tick

95
Q

Tick that transmits most cases of Lyme disease in the West

A

Western black-legged tick

96
Q

Transmitted by hard ticks especially those of the genera Ambylomma and Dermacentor

A

RMSF

97
Q

Treated with antibiotics, debridement, amputation or exposure to hyperbaric oxygen chamber

A

Gas gangrene

98
Q

Vector for Plague transmission

A

Fleas

98
Q

Vector for transmission of Lyme disease

A

Ticks

99
Q

Vector for transmission of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

Ticks

100
Q

Vector for transmission of Tularemia

A

Ticks

101
Q

Yersinia pestis causes the flea to become more voracious in finding a blood meal by

A

Clotting the flea’s digestive system

Microbiology 2 (10 decks)

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