Ch.11 Interactive glossary Flashcards
A colorless, watery diarrhea containing particles of intestinal tissue in cholera patients.
Rice-water stool
A complication of a few diseases, including campylobacteriosis and influenza, characterized by nerve damage and polio-like paralysis.
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
A disease characterized by the formation of hemorrhages in the kidney and often resulting in kidney failure; associated with E. coli O157:H7.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
A foodborne and waterborne bacterial disease of the intestine and blood caused by Salmonella typhi; characterized by intestinal ulcers, high fever, and red skin spots.
Typhoid fever
A foodborne and waterborne bacterial disease of the intestine caused by Campylobacter jejuni, characterized by diarrhea.
Campylobacteriosis
A foodborne and waterborne bacterial disease of the intestine caused by Shigella species, characterized by extensive diarrhea, often with blood and mucus.
Shigellosis
A foodborne and waterborne bacterial disease of the intestine caused by Vibrio cholerae, characterized by massive diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and severe dehydration.
Cholera
A foodborne and waterborne bacterial disease of the intestine often caused by Escherichia coli, characterized by diarrhea.
Traveler’s diarrhea
A foodborne bacterial disease of the blood caused by Brucella species and accompanied in humans by blood involvement and undulating fever.
Brucellosis
A foodborne disease of the nervous system characterized by paralysis.
Botulism
A form of gastroenteritis caused by a serotype of Salmonella enterica.
Salmonellosis
A generalized bacterial infection of the bloodstream due to any of several organisms, including streptococci and staphylococci; once known as blood poisoning.
Septicemia
A metabolic poison produced chiefly by gram-positive bacteria; exotoxins are released to the environment on production; composed of protein and affect various organs and systems of the body.
Exotoxin
A nervous system form of listeriosis characterized by headache, stiff neck, delirium, and coma.
Meningoencephalitis
A rank of classification below the species level based on an organism’s reaction with antibodies in serum; used for several bacteria, especially Salmonella.
Serotype
A soilborne and foodborne bacterial disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes and accompanied by mild symptoms, except in pregnant women where miscarriage may occur.
Listeriosis
A solution of electrolytes and glucose that is used to treat cholera.
Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
A synonym for gastrointestinal illness.
Enteritis
A toxin that is active in the gastrointestinal tract of the host.
Enterotoxin
An alternate name for brucellosis in humans, due to the undulating nature of the fever.
Undulant fever
An alternate name sometimes used for shigellosis.
Bacterial dysentery
An enterotoxin produced by Shigella that triggers gastroenteritis.
Shiga toxin
An illness in which bacterial toxins are ingested.
Food intoxication
An illness in which live bacterial pathogens are ingested.
Food infection
An inflammation of the colon.
Colitis
Bloody diarrhea associated with infection by E. coli O157:H7.
Hemorrhagic colitis
Bright red skin spots associated with diseases such as typhoid fever and relapsing fever.
Rose spots
Excessive loss of fluid from the gastrointestinal tract.
Diarrhea
Infection of the stomach and intestinal tract.
Gastroenteritis
Minute amounts of the botulism toxin type A used to temporarily relieve movement disorders (muscle contractions).
Botox
Paralysis in which the limbs have little tone and become flabby.
Flaccid paralysis
The number of cells (or toxin molecules) ingested to cause a disease.
Infectious (toxic) dose
The serotype of E. coli responsible for hemorrhagic colitis and HUS.
EHEC
The time that elapses between the entry of a pathogen into the host and the appearance of symptoms.
Incubation period
