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Adolescence > Ch.1 > Flashcards

Ch.1 Flashcards

1
Q

adolescence

A

developmental period of transition between childhood and adulthood that involves biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes. beg 10 - 13 years of age and ends in late teens

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2
Q

adolescent generalization gap

A

Adelson’s concept of generalizations being made about adolescents based on information regarding limited, often highly visible group of adolescents

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3
Q

biological processes

A

physical changes in the individual’s body

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4
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory

A

focusing on influence of 5 environmental systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, chronosystem

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5
Q

cognitive processes

A

changes in thinking and intelligence

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6
Q

cohort effects

A

characteristics related to persons year of birth, era, or generation rather than to his or her actual chronological age

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7
Q

contexts

A

settings in which development occurs. influenced by historical, economic, social, and cultural factors

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8
Q

continuity-discontinuity issue

A

is development more gradual and cumulative or more abrupt and sequential

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9
Q

correlation coefficient

A

number based on statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between two variables

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10
Q

correlation research

A

goal is to describe strength of relationship between

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11
Q

cross-sectional research

A

a research strategy that involves studying different people of varying ages all at one time

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12
Q

dependent variable

A

factor that is measured in experimental research

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13
Q

descriptive research

A

aims to observe and record behavior

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14
Q

development

A

the pattern of movement or change that occurs throughout the life span. prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle and late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood

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15
Q

early adolescence

A

corresponds roughly to middle school or junior high school years and includes most pubertal change

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16
Q

early adulthood

A

beg in late teens or early twenties and lasting through the thirties

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17
Q

early childhood

A

from end of infancy to about 5 or 6 years of age (preschool years)

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18
Q

early-later experience issue

A

is development due more to early experiences, especially in infancy and early childhood, or to later experiences

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19
Q

eclectic theoretical orientation

A

does not follow any one theoretical approach but selects from each theory whatever is considered the best in it

20
Q

emerging adulthood

A

from approximately 18 to 25 years of age (experimentation and exploration)

21
Q

ethnic gloss

A

use of ethnic label such as African American in superficial way that portrays an ethnic group as being more homogeneous than it really is

22
Q

experience sampling method (EMS)

A

providing participants with electronic pagers and then beeping them at random times to ask to report on various aspects of their lives

23
Q

experimental research

A

involves an experiment. one or more factors believed to influence behavior being studied are manipulated while other factors are constant

24
Q

gender bias

A

preconceived notion about abilities of females and males that prevents individuals from pursuing own interests and achieving their potential

25
Q

independent variable

A

factor that is manipulated in experimental research

26
Q

infancy

A

birth - 18 or 24 months

27
Q

information-processing theory

A

individuals manipulate info, monitor it, and strategize about it. (processes of memory and thinking)

28
Q

inventionist view

A

adolescence is sociohistorical creation. circumstances at beg of 20th century important (legislation ensured dependency of youth and made move into economic sphere more manageable)

29
Q

laboratory

A

controlled setting where factors of “real world” are removed

30
Q

late adolescence

A

corresponds to latter half of second decade of life. career interests, dating, and identity exploration more pronounced

31
Q

late adulthood

A

60 - 70 years to death

32
Q

longitudinal research

A

same individuals studied over period of time

33
Q

middle adulthood

A

35 - 45 years to 55 - 65

34
Q

middle and late childhood

A

6 -10 or 11 (elementary school years)

35
Q

millennials

A

generation after 1980; first to come of age and enter emerging adulthood in new millennium.
ethnic diversity
connection to technology

36
Q

naturalistic observation

A

observation of behavior in real world settings

37
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

debate about whether development is primarily influenced by bio inheritance or enviro experiences

38
Q

prenatal period

A

conception - birth

39
Q

psychoanalytic theories

A

development primarily depends on unconscious mind and heavily couched in emotion

40
Q

resilience

A

adapting positively and achieving successful outcomes in the face of significant risks and adverse circumstances

41
Q

social cognitive theory

A

behavior, environment, and person/cognition are key factors in development

42
Q

social policy

A

national governments course of action designed to influence welfare of its citizens

43
Q

standardized test

A

uniform procedures for administration and scoring. allow performance to be compared with others

44
Q

stereotype

A

generalization that reflects our impressions and beliefs about broad group of people. what typical member of group is like

45
Q

Piaget

A

cognitive developmental theory
4 stages of cognitive development
children actively construct own understanding of world

46
Q

storm-and-stress view theory

A

G. Stanley Hall: adolescence is turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings

Adolescence (13 decks)

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