Ch. 9 Vocab Flashcards
movement away from the midline of the body, as viewed in the anatomical position
abduction
a turning inward
inversion
the most common pressure-related bursitis, involving a tender nodule formed around bursae over the base of the great toe
bunion
a small sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent structures and reduces friction
bursae
joints
articulations
movement of the thumb toward the surface of the palm or the pads of other fingers
opposition
a fibrous synarthrosis that binds a tooth to the bone of the jaw
gomphosis
the movement of two opposing surfaces sliding past one another
gliding
the partial or complete dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
shoulder separation
a type of slightly movable joint where a band or ligament connects bones
syndesmosis
a fibrous cartilage pad between opposing surfaces in joints
meniscus
an articulation that permits a small degree of independent movement
amphiarthrosis
an increase in the angle between two articulating bones; the opposite of flexion
extension
a therapeutic procedure involving the passive movement of an injured joint to stimulate the circulation of synovial fluid
continuous passive motion
movement in a superior, or upward, direction
elevation
an immovable joint
synarthosis
a movement at a synovial joint in which the distal end of the bone moves in a circular direction, but the shaft does not rotate
circumduction
the rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly
pronation
a totally rigid, immovable joint created when two bones fuse and boundary between them disappears
synostosis
the rotation of the forearm such that the palm faces anteriorly
supination
a synovial joint
diarthrosis
movement toward the axis or midline of the body, as viewed in the anatomical position
adduction
a rigid, cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones
synchondrosis
a turning outward
eversion
a movement that reduces the angle between two articulating bones; the opposite of extension
flexion
a dislocation; the articulating surfaces are forced out of position
luxation
extension past the anatomical position
hyperextension
movement posteriorly in the horizontal plane
retraction
localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane
fat pads
the substance secreted by synovial membranes that lubricates joints
synovial fluid
when a ligament is stretched to the point at which some of the collagen fibers are torn, but the ligament as a whole survives and the joint is not damaged
sprain
a partial dislocation
subluxation
a fibrous amphiarthrosis, such as that between adjacent vertebrae or between the pubic bones of the coxal bones; the bones are separated by a wedge or pad of fibrous cartilage
symphysis
movement anteriorly in the horizontal plane
protraction
inferior (downward) movement of a body part
depression
a common name for a condition caused by the distortion of an intervertebral disc
slipped disc
a group of rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints; always involves damage to the articular cartilages
arthritis
a condition caused by intervertebral compression severe enough to rupture the annulus fibrosus and release the nucleus pulposus, which may protrude beyond the intervertebral space
herniated disc
a general term that indicates pain and stiffness affecting the skeletal system, the muscular system, or both
rheumatism
the cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity
articular cartilage
