Ch. 6 Vocab

Question 1

the shaft of a long bone

Answer 1

diaphysis

Question 2

the head of a long bone

Answer 2

epiphysis

Question 3

the region of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis, corresponding to the location of the epiphyseal cartilage of the developing bone

Answer 3

metaphysis

Question 4

the space within a bone that contains the marrow

Answer 4

medullary cavity

Question 5

the outer layer or portion of an organ or bone

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

crystals that form when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide

Answer 6

hydroxyapatite

Question 7

surface features of bones such as elevations, projections, depressions, grooves, and tunnels; yield information regarding age, size, and sex of individuals

Answer 7

bone markings

Question 8

a bone cell responsible for the maintenance and turnover of the mineral content of the surrounding bone

Answer 8

osteocytes

Question 9

concentric layers; the concentric layers of bone within an osteon

Answer 9

lamellae

Question 10

microscopic passageways between cells; permit the diffusion of nutrients and wastes to and from osteocytes in bone

Answer 10

canaliculi

Question 11

a cell that produces the fibers and matrix of bone

Answer 11

osteoblasts

Question 12

the formation of bone

Answer 12

osteogenesis

Question 13

name of the organic matrix before calcium salts are deposited (unmineralized organic component of bone)

Answer 13

osteoid

Question 14

a cell that dissolves the fibers and matrix of bone

Answer 14

osteoclasts

Question 15

the basic histological unit of compact bone, consisting of osteocytes organized around a central canal and separated by concentric lamellae

Answer 15

osteon

Question 16

a connective tissue partition that subdivides an organ

Answer 16

trabeculae

Question 17

present in spongy bone (from blood cell formation)

Answer 17

red bone marrow

Question 18

present in spongy bone (for lipid storage)

Answer 18

yellow bone marrow

Question 19

the layer that surrounds a bone, consisting of an outer fibrous region and inner cellular region

Answer 19

periosteum

Question 20

an incomplete cellular lining on the inner (medullary) surfaces of bones

Answer 20

endosteum

Question 21

the formation of bone

Answer 21

ossification

Question 22

the deposition of calcium salts within a tissue

Answer 22

calcification

Question 23

the conversion of a cartilaginous model to bone; the characteristic mode of formation for skeletal elements other than the bones of the cranium, the clavicles, and sesamoid bones

Answer 23

endochondral ossification

Question 24

the cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity

Answer 24

articular cartilage

Question 25

the cartilaginous region between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a growing bone

Answer 25

epiphyseal cartilage

Question 26

remains after epiphyseal growth has ended; appears after epiphyseal cartilage disappears

Answer 26

epiphyseal line

Question 27

process by which organic and mineral components of the bone matrix are continuously being recycled and renewed

Answer 27

remodeling

Question 28

a large blood clot that closes off the injured vessels and leaves a fibrous meshwork in the damaged (fractured) area

Answer 28

fracture hematoma

Question 29

an enlarged collar of cartilage and bone that forms and encircles the bone at the level of the fracture

Answer 29

external callus

Question 30

organizes within the medullary cavity and between the broken ends of the shaft

Answer 30

internal callus

Question 31

a reduction in bone mass to a degree that compromises normal function

Answer 31

osteoporosis

Question 32

inadequate ossification, leading to thinner, weaker bones

Answer 32

osteopenia