Ch. 4 Vocab Flashcards
Cells that produce exocrine or endocrine secretions
Glands
A layer of filaments and fibers that attach an epithelium to the underlying connective tissue
Basal lamina
Transmembrane proteins that bind to each other and to extracellular materials
Cell adhesion molecules
Specialized areas of the plasma membrane that attach a cell to another cell or to extracellular materials
Cell junctions
Connections between cells that permit electrical coupling
Gap junction
A junction where the lipid portions of the two plasma membranes are tightly bound together by interlocking membrane proteins
Tight junctions
Site where CAMS and proteoglycans link the opposing plasma membrane; very strong; resist stretching and twisting
Desmomes
Glands that secrete onto the body surface or into a passageway connected to the exterior
Exocrine glands
Glands that secrete hormones into the blood
Endocrine glands
Passageways that deliver exocrine secretions to an epithelial surface
Ducts
One of the four primary tissue types; provides a structural framework that stabilizes the relative positions of the other tissue types; includes connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood; contains cell products, cells, and ground substance
Connective tissues
The extracellular fibers and ground substance of a connective tissue
Matrix
A fluid that combines with extracellular fibers to form the matrix, which surrounds the cells
Ground substance
Long, straight, unbranched fibers; most common fibers in connective tissue proper; consist of a bundle of fibrous protein subunits wound together like the strands of a rope
Collagen fibers
Form a branching, interwoven framework that is tough, yet flexible; resist forces applied from many directions
Reticular fibers
contain the protein elastin; branched and wavy; after stretching, they’ll return to their original length
elastic fibers
embryonic or fetal connective tissue
mesenchyme
loose connective tissue with an open framework
areolar tissue
loose connective tissue dominated by adipocytes
adipose tissue
contains a watery matrix called plasma, which contains blood cells and fragments of cells; three types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
blood
the fluid contents of lymphatic vessels, similar in composition to interstitial fluid
lymph
white blood cells
leukocytes
small packets of cytoplasm that contain enzymes important in the clotting response; manufactured in bone marrow by megakaryocytes
platelets
the fluid ground substance of whole blood; what remains after the cells have been removed from a sample of whole blood
plasma
Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and chambers, and forms glands
Epithelial tissue
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and toward a peripheral capillary
arteries
blood vessels carrying blood from a capillary bed toward the heart
veins
small blood vessels located between an arteriole and a venule, whose thin wall permits the diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes between plasma and interstitial fluids
capillaries
cartilage cells
chondrocytes
a connective tissue with a gelatinous matrix that contains an abundance of fibers
cartilage
a strong connective tissue containing specialized cells and a mineralized matrix of crystalline calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate (osseous tissue, aka bone)
bone
a mucous membrane; the epithelium plus the lamina propria
mucous membranes
a tissue characterized by the presence of cells capable of contraction; includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues
muscle tissue
a tissue that conducts electrical impulses from one region of the body to another; 98% is concentrated in the brain and spinal cord; contains neurons and neuroglia
neural tissue
cells in neural tissue that are specialized for intercellular communication through 1) changes in membrane potential and 2) synaptic connections
neurons
cells of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system that support and protect neurons; also called glia cells
neuroglia
a nonspecific defense mechanism that operates at the tissue level; characterized by swelling, ,redness, warmth, pain, and some loss of function
inflammation
a red blood cell; has no nucleus and contains large quantities of hemoglobin
erythrocytes
