Ch. 12 Vocab Flashcards
one of the four types of neuroglia in the CNS; responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier by the stimulation of endothelial cells
astrocytes
centers, nuclei, tracts, ganglia, and nerves involved in the unconscious regulation of visceral functions; includes components of the CNS and PNS
autonomic nervous system
the elongate extension of a neuron that conducts an action potential
axons
the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system (CNS)
a peripheral gland or muscle cell innervated by a motor neuron
effectors
neuromodulators, produced in the CNS, that inhibit activity along pain pathways
endorphins
an association neuron; CNS neurons that are b/t sensory and motor neurons
interneurons
phagocytic neuroglia in the CNS
microglia
cells of the CNS and PNS that support and protect neurons
neuroglia
a chemical compound released by one neuron to affect the transmembrane potential of another
neurotransmitter
all neural tissue outside the CNS
Peripheral nervous system
the efferent division of the nervous system that innervated skeletal muscles
somatic nervous system
the site of communication between a nerve cell and some other cell
synapse
the period between the initiation of an action potential and the restoration of the normal resting potential; the membrane will not respond normally to stimulation
refractory period
neuroglia responsible for the neurilemma that surrounds axons in the PNS
Schwann cells
a compound that disrupts normal nervous system function by interfering with the generation or propagation of action potentials
neurotoxin
a compound found in tobacco that binds to specific ACh receptor sites and stimulates the synaptic membrane
nicotine
a fatal disease caused by a virus that reaches the CNS via retrograde flow along peripheral axons
rabies
a genetic abnormality involving the metabolism of gangliosides, important components of neuron plasma membranes; results in a gradual deterioration of neurons due to the buildup of metabolic by-products and the release of lysosomal enzymes
Tay-Sachs disease
form the efferent division of the PNS, stimulate or modify the activity of a peripheral tissue, organ, or organ system
motor neurons
sensory structures that either detect changes in the internal environment or respond to the presence of specific stimuli
receptors
surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; regulate the environment around the neurons in the PNS
satellite cells
a glial cell similar to an astrocyte but with fewer protuberances, concerned with the production of myelin in the central nervous system
oligodendrocytes
a propagated change in the transmembrane potential of excitable cells, initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions
action potential
