Ch. 12 Vocab

Question 1

one of the four types of neuroglia in the CNS; responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier by the stimulation of endothelial cells

Answer 1

astrocytes

Question 2

centers, nuclei, tracts, ganglia, and nerves involved in the unconscious regulation of visceral functions; includes components of the CNS and PNS

Answer 2

autonomic nervous system

Question 3

the elongate extension of a neuron that conducts an action potential

Answer 3

axons

Question 4

the brain and spinal cord

Answer 4

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 5

a peripheral gland or muscle cell innervated by a motor neuron

Answer 5

effectors

Question 6

neuromodulators, produced in the CNS, that inhibit activity along pain pathways

Answer 6

endorphins

Question 7

an association neuron; CNS neurons that are b/t sensory and motor neurons

Answer 7

interneurons

Question 8

phagocytic neuroglia in the CNS

Answer 8

microglia

Question 9

cells of the CNS and PNS that support and protect neurons

Answer 9

neuroglia

Question 10

a chemical compound released by one neuron to affect the transmembrane potential of another

Answer 10

neurotransmitter

Question 11

all neural tissue outside the CNS

Answer 11

Peripheral nervous system

Question 12

the efferent division of the nervous system that innervated skeletal muscles

Answer 12

somatic nervous system

Question 13

the site of communication between a nerve cell and some other cell

Answer 13

synapse

Question 14

the period between the initiation of an action potential and the restoration of the normal resting potential; the membrane will not respond normally to stimulation

Answer 14

refractory period

Question 15

neuroglia responsible for the neurilemma that surrounds axons in the PNS

Answer 15

Schwann cells

Question 16

a compound that disrupts normal nervous system function by interfering with the generation or propagation of action potentials

Answer 16

neurotoxin

Question 17

a compound found in tobacco that binds to specific ACh receptor sites and stimulates the synaptic membrane

Answer 17

nicotine

Question 18

a fatal disease caused by a virus that reaches the CNS via retrograde flow along peripheral axons

Answer 18

rabies

Question 19

a genetic abnormality involving the metabolism of gangliosides, important components of neuron plasma membranes; results in a gradual deterioration of neurons due to the buildup of metabolic by-products and the release of lysosomal enzymes

Answer 19

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 20

form the efferent division of the PNS, stimulate or modify the activity of a peripheral tissue, organ, or organ system

Answer 20

motor neurons

Question 21

sensory structures that either detect changes in the internal environment or respond to the presence of specific stimuli

Answer 21

receptors

Question 22

surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; regulate the environment around the neurons in the PNS

Answer 22

satellite cells

Question 23

a glial cell similar to an astrocyte but with fewer protuberances, concerned with the production of myelin in the central nervous system

Answer 23

oligodendrocytes

Question 24

a propagated change in the transmembrane potential of excitable cells, initiated by a change in the membrane permeability to sodium ions

Answer 24

action potential