Ch. 13 Vocab

Question 1

a stretch reflex resulting from the stimulation of stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscles

Answer 1

patellar reflex

Question 2

an inflammation of the meninges involving either the spinal cord or the brain; generally caused by bacterial or viral pathogens

Answer 2

meningitis

Question 3

reflexes that provide a mechanism for the involuntary control of the muscular system

Answer 3

somatic reflexes

Question 4

a nerve bundle containing the myelinated preganglionic axons of the sympathetic chain or to a collaterals ganglion

Answer 4

white ramus

Question 5

a spinal reflex in infants, consisting of a fanning of the toes in response to stroking the sole of the foot; in adults, this sign indicates CNS injury

Answer 5

Babinski sign

Question 6

a connective tissue partition that separates adjacent bundles of nerve fibers in a peripheral nerve

Answer 6

perineurium

Question 7

reflexes from the connections that form between neurons during development; generally appear in a predictable sequence, from the simplest reflex response to more complex motor patterns

Answer 7

innate reflexes

Question 8

the innermost layer of the meninges bound to the underlying neural tissue

Answer 8

pia matter

Question 9

paralysis involving the loss of sensation and motor control of the upper and lower limbs

Answer 9

quadriplegic

Question 10

a delicate network of connective tissue fibers that surrounds individual nerve fibers

Answer 10

endomeurium

Question 11

paralysis involving a loss of motor control of the lower, but not the upper limbs

Answer 11

paraplegia

Question 12

the space between the spinal dura mater and the walls of the vertebra, foramen; contains blood vessels and adipose tissue; a common site of injection for regional anesthesia

Answer 12

epidural space

Question 13

a condition caused by the infection of neurons in dorsal root ganglia by the varicella-zoster virus; the primary sign is a painful rash along the sensory distribution of the affected spinal nerves

Answer 13

shingles

Question 14

an enhancement of spinal reflexes

Answer 14

reinforcement

Question 15

complex interwoven network of nerves

Answer 15

nerve plexus

Question 16

complex, learned motor patterns

Answer 16

acquired reflexes

Question 17

the outermost component of the cranial and spinal meninges

Answer 17

dura mater

Question 18

regional losses of sensory and motor function as a result of nerve trauma, disease, or compression

Answer 18

nerve palsies

Question 19

specialized membranes which surround the brain

Answer 19

cranial meninges

Question 20

a dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds a peripheral nerve

Answer 20

epineurium

Question 21

the injection of anesthetic into the epidural space to eliminate sensory and motor innervation via spinal nerves in the area of injection

Answer 21

epidural block

Question 22

a spinal tap performed between adjacent lumbar vertebrae inferior to the conus medullaris

Answer 22

lumbar puncture

Question 23

fluid bathing the internal and external surfaces of the CNS; secreted by the choroid plexus

Answer 23

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 24

functional groups of interconnected neurons; may be diffuse or localized

Answer 24

neuronal pool

Question 25

a spinal reflex in adults, consisting of a curling of the toes in response to stroking the side of the foot sole

Answer 25

plantar reflex

Question 26

a bundle of postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers that are distributed to effectors in the body wall, skin, and limbs by way of a spinal nerve

Answer 26

gray ramus

Question 27

a series of specialized membranes surrounding the spinal cord; provide physical stability and shock absorption

Answer 27

spinal meninges

Question 28

autonomic reflexes

Answer 28

visceral reflexes

Question 29

a procedure in which cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the subarachnoid space through a needle, generally inserted between the lumbar vertebrae

Answer 29

spinal tap