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Sociology 2001 > Ch 9: Racial and Ethnic Differentiation > Flashcards

Ch 9: Racial and Ethnic Differentiation Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A _____ is a socially constructed category of people who are distinguished from each other by select physical characteristics

A

racial group

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2
Q

_____ decides what race is

A

society

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3
Q

______ can shift and be based on differing characteristics

A

racial groups

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4
Q

An ______ is characterized by cultural traits that reflect national origin, religion, and language

A

ethnic group

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5
Q

A ______ is a group that is subordinate to the majority in power and privilege

A

minority group

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6
Q

Racial groups are often minority groups who tend to have lower ______ or ______

A

social standing; legal rights

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7
Q

_______ are:
1. Exaggerated beliefs against groups
2. Usually negative and persistent
3. Based on some kernel of truth that is blown up

A

Stereotypes

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8
Q

Stereotypes are _______ against groups

A

exaggerated beliefs

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9
Q

Stereotypes are usually ______ and ______

A

negative and persistent

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10
Q

_______ - when groups alter their behavior for fear of confirming a stereotype

A

stereotype threat

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11
Q

______ attitudes against groups of people

A

prejudice

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12
Q

Prejudice is usually ____

A

negative

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13
Q

_______ argued that economic competition influences/worsens existing prejudices

A

economic theories

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14
Q

________ focus on the idea that prejudice fulfills certain person/psychological needs for people

A

psychological theories

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15
Q

______ involves blaming another person or group for one’s own problems

A

scapegoating

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16
Q

______ involves attributing one’s own unacceptable traits or behaviors to another person or group

A

projection

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17
Q

_________, a form of projection and scapegoating, suggests that groups that fail repeatedly to achieve desired goals take out their frustration on a socially approved target —– a racial or ethnic group

A

Frustration-aggression theory

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18
Q

_____ is the active exclusion of groups of people from activities/opportunities

A

discrimination

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19
Q

_______ are individuals who are not prejudiced and do not discriminate against other racial groups

A

unprejudiced non-discriminators

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20
Q

Unprejudiced non-discriminators (_________)

A

all-weather liberals

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21
Q

_______ are people who are not prejudiced but will discriminate if social circumstances encourage it. will not speak out against those who discriminate

A

unprejudiced discriminators

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22
Q

Unprejudiced discriminators (_______)

A

fair-weather liberals

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23
Q

______ are individuals who don’t believe that everyone is equal; but because we live in a “politically correct” society, they will not disclose their prejudice unless they believe they are among like-minded people

A

prejudiced non-discriminators

24
Q

Prejudiced non-discriminators (______)

A

fair-weathered bigots

25
Q

_______ are the hardcore racists who will discriminate whenever possible, even when it is socially unapproved

A

Prejudiced discriminators

26
Q

prejudiced discriminators (_______)

A

all-weather bigots

27
Q

______ is the belief that one racial group or category is inherently superior to others

A

racism

28
Q

A belief on the part of the racist that his or her own race is _____ to other racial groups

A

superior

29
Q

An ideology, or set of beliefs, that justifies the ______ and ______ of another group

A

subjugation; exploitation

30
Q

Racist ideology provides a _______ for systematic deprivation

A

moral rationale

31
Q

Racist ideology allows the ________ to reconcile values and behavior

A

dominant group

32
Q

Racist ideology discourages the ______ from challenging the system

A

subordinate group

33
Q

Racist ideology defends the existing _______

A

division of labor

34
Q

Racist ideology rallies adherence in support of a “_____” cause

A

just

35
Q

Racism is dysfunctional for _____ members of society

A

all

36
Q

A society that practices discrimination fails to use the ______ of all individuals

A

resources

37
Q

Discrimination limits the search for _____ and leadership to the dominant group

A

talent

38
Q

Groups who could benefit may be excluded due to _____

A

discriminatory beliefs

39
Q

______ aggravates social problems, such as poverty, delinquency, and crime

A

discrimination

40
Q

_____ splits groups who may benefit

A

racist ideology

41
Q

Society must invest a good deal of time and money to defend the barriers that prevent the _______ of all members

A

full participation

42
Q

Racial prejudice and discrimination undercut _____ and friendly ______ between nations

A

goodwill; diplomatic relations

43
Q

Social change is inhibited because change may assist a ______

A

subordinate

44
Q

A _____ society is one in which there are multiple groups coexisting in a space

A

pluralistic

45
Q

______ - When groups feel they can fully participate in society

A

integration

46
Q

______ - When groups forsake their own culture to become a part of a different culture

A

Assimilation

47
Q

_________ means there will be more integration but that usually comes at the cost of losing their prior culture

A

assimilation

48
Q

The ________ model focuses on the idea that each group contributes something to the overall culture but also absorbs from other people

A

Melting Pot

49
Q

The ______ model is focused on the idea that each group contributes something to the overall culture but also absorbs from other people

A

Anglo Conformity

50
Q

Some ethnic groups may assimilate into culture easier due to their _____

A

race

51
Q

______ occurs when a group is separated from the main body of society

A

segregation

52
Q

______ - Segregation by law

A

De Jure

53
Q

______ - Segregation that is the result of existing social processes

A

De Facto

54
Q

______ - Expelling ethnic or racial groups

A

Mass Expulsion

55
Q

______ - The deliberate destruction of entire or ethnic groups

A

Genocide

Sociology 2001 (18 decks)

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