Ch 9: Racial and Ethnic Differentiation

Question 1

A _____ is a socially constructed category of people who are distinguished from each other by select physical characteristics

Answer 1

racial group

Question 2

_____ decides what race is

Answer 2

society

Question 3

______ can shift and be based on differing characteristics

Answer 3

racial groups

Question 4

An ______ is characterized by cultural traits that reflect national origin, religion, and language

Answer 4

ethnic group

Question 5

A ______ is a group that is subordinate to the majority in power and privilege

Answer 5

minority group

Question 6

Racial groups are often minority groups who tend to have lower ______ or ______

Answer 6

social standing; legal rights

Question 7

_______ are:
1. Exaggerated beliefs against groups
2. Usually negative and persistent
3. Based on some kernel of truth that is blown up

Answer 7

Stereotypes

Question 8

Stereotypes are _______ against groups

Answer 8

exaggerated beliefs

Question 9

Stereotypes are usually ______ and ______

Answer 9

negative and persistent

Question 10

_______ - when groups alter their behavior for fear of confirming a stereotype

Answer 10

stereotype threat

Question 11

______ attitudes against groups of people

Answer 11

prejudice

Question 12

Prejudice is usually ____

Answer 12

negative

Question 13

_______ argued that economic competition influences/worsens existing prejudices

Answer 13

economic theories

Question 14

________ focus on the idea that prejudice fulfills certain person/psychological needs for people

Answer 14

psychological theories

Question 15

______ involves blaming another person or group for one’s own problems

Answer 15

scapegoating

Question 16

______ involves attributing one’s own unacceptable traits or behaviors to another person or group

Answer 16

projection

Question 17

_________, a form of projection and scapegoating, suggests that groups that fail repeatedly to achieve desired goals take out their frustration on a socially approved target —– a racial or ethnic group

Answer 17

Frustration-aggression theory

Question 18

_____ is the active exclusion of groups of people from activities/opportunities

Answer 18

discrimination

Question 19

_______ are individuals who are not prejudiced and do not discriminate against other racial groups

Answer 19

unprejudiced non-discriminators

Question 20

Unprejudiced non-discriminators (_________)

Answer 20

all-weather liberals

Question 21

_______ are people who are not prejudiced but will discriminate if social circumstances encourage it. will not speak out against those who discriminate

Answer 21

unprejudiced discriminators

Question 22

Unprejudiced discriminators (_______)

Answer 22

fair-weather liberals

Question 23

______ are individuals who don’t believe that everyone is equal; but because we live in a “politically correct” society, they will not disclose their prejudice unless they believe they are among like-minded people

Answer 23

prejudiced non-discriminators

Question 24

Prejudiced non-discriminators (______)

Answer 24

fair-weathered bigots

Question 25

_______ are the hardcore racists who will discriminate whenever possible, even when it is socially unapproved

Answer 25

Prejudiced discriminators

Question 26

prejudiced discriminators (_______)

Answer 26

all-weather bigots

Question 27

______ is the belief that one racial group or category is inherently superior to others

Answer 27

racism

Question 28

A belief on the part of the racist that his or her own race is _____ to other racial groups

Answer 28

superior

Question 29

An ideology, or set of beliefs, that justifies the ______ and ______ of another group

Answer 29

subjugation; exploitation

Question 30

Racist ideology provides a _______ for systematic deprivation

Answer 30

moral rationale

Question 31

Racist ideology allows the ________ to reconcile values and behavior

Answer 31

dominant group

Question 32

Racist ideology discourages the ______ from challenging the system

Answer 32

subordinate group

Question 33

Racist ideology defends the existing _______

Answer 33

division of labor

Question 34

Racist ideology rallies adherence in support of a "_____" cause

Answer 34

just

Question 35

Racism is dysfunctional for _____ members of society

Answer 35

all

Question 36

A society that practices discrimination fails to use the ______ of all individuals

Answer 36

resources

Question 37

Discrimination limits the search for _____ and leadership to the dominant group

Answer 37

talent

Question 38

Groups who could benefit may be excluded due to _____

Answer 38

discriminatory beliefs

Question 39

______ aggravates social problems, such as poverty, delinquency, and crime

Answer 39

discrimination

Question 40

_____ splits groups who may benefit

Answer 40

racist ideology

Question 41

Society must invest a good deal of time and money to defend the barriers that prevent the _______ of all members

Answer 41

full participation

Question 42

Racial prejudice and discrimination undercut _____ and friendly ______ between nations

Answer 42

goodwill; diplomatic relations

Question 43

Social change is inhibited because change may assist a ______

Answer 43

subordinate

Question 44

A _____ society is one in which there are multiple groups coexisting in a space

Answer 44

pluralistic

Question 45

______ - When groups feel they can fully participate in society

Answer 45

integration

Question 46

______ - When groups forsake their own culture to become a part of a different culture

Answer 46

Assimilation

Question 47

_________ means there will be more integration but that usually comes at the cost of losing their prior culture

Answer 47

assimilation

Question 48

The ________ model focuses on the idea that each group contributes something to the overall culture but also absorbs from other people

Answer 48

Melting Pot

Question 49

The ______ model is focused on the idea that each group contributes something to the overall culture but also absorbs from other people

Answer 49

Anglo Conformity

Question 50

Some ethnic groups may assimilate into culture easier due to their _____

Answer 50

race

Question 51

______ occurs when a group is separated from the main body of society

Answer 51

segregation

Question 52

______ - Segregation by law

Answer 52

De Jure

Question 53

______ - Segregation that is the result of existing social processes

Answer 53

De Facto

Question 54

______ - Expelling ethnic or racial groups

Answer 54

Mass Expulsion

Question 55

______ - The deliberate destruction of entire or ethnic groups

Answer 55

Genocide