Ch 4: Culture

Question 1

A ____ is a system of ideas, values, beliefs, knowledge, norms, customs, and technology shared by almost everyone in a particular group or society a group or society that make it distinct from other groups and societies

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

Examples of culture

Answer 2

• first name
• last name
• food
• clothing
• agriculture

Question 3

Groups have their own internal cultures since they result from ________

Answer 3

social interaction

Question 4

Certain institutions might have certain policies about how things are done

Answer 4

formal

Question 5

A culture within an institution that makes people behave in a certain way

Answer 5

informal

Question 6

What includes norms, values, beliefs, symbols, and language

Answer 6

nonmaterial culture

Question 7

What consists of artifacts like physical items like tools and goods

Answer 7

material culture

Question 8

Culture is created through ______

Answer 8

social interaction

Question 9

Non-Material culture often begins as _____

Answer 9

necessary adaptation

Question 10

Non-material culture has shared beliefs as ____

Answer 10

survival adaptation

Question 11

Language to communicate is an example of _____

Answer 11

non-material culture

Question 12

In material culture, objects used to adapt take on ________ meanings and often have interaction rituals

Answer 12

cultural meanings

Question 13

_____ may also involve specific material cultural objects

Answer 13

Rituals

Question 14

Culture is _____ and _____

Answer 14

objects; ideas

Question 15

Patterns of ____ provide people with a framework for making decisions

Answer 15

behavior

Question 16

______ are needed to coordinate activities

Answer 16

routines

Question 17

______ helps people coordinate their lives

Answer 17

culture

Question 18

(T/F) The examination of culture can occasionally be difficult because we can be faced with practices/beliefs that are radically similar to our own

Answer 18

False; different

Question 19

Early sociologists were quite ____ and saw many other cultures as inferior and full of “savages” and “simplistic societies” much of their research was done from that perspective

Answer 19

ethnocentric

Question 20

Early sociologists were quite ethnocentric and saw many other cultures as inferior and full of “____” and “________” much of their research was done from that perspective

Answer 20

savages; simplistic societies

Question 21

Some individuals take on a ______ perspective that see’s their own culture as inferior

Answer 21

xenocentric

Question 22

The belief that cultures must be judged on their own terms is known as __________

Answer 22

cultural relativism

Question 23

(T/F) Cultural relativism means that a behavior appropriate in one place may be appropriate everywhere

Answer 23

False; may not

Question 24

(T/F) Knowledge of cultural relativism can be useful to anyone who works with people from different cultures

Answer 24

True

Question 25

____ are the expectations about appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of people in a variety of situations

Answer 25

norms

Question 26

The bus, gym and operating room are places that many people follow the ____

Answer 26

norms

Question 27

Norms can be applied to broader social things like _____

Answer 27

marriage

Question 28

______ are widely held beliefs about what is considered moral and just behavior in society

Answer 28

Mores

Question 29

Mores have stronger _____

Answer 29

social sanctions

Question 30

Mores that prohibit actions are ____

Answer 30

taboos

Question 31

Incest is an example of a ____

Answer 31

taboo

Question 32

_____ are the rules of behavior for common and routine interactions

Answer 32

folkways

Question 33

An example of a folkway is:

Answer 33

Waiting your turn in line

Question 34

Folkways have _____ sanctions

Answer 34

social

Question 35

_____ are what a society views as desirable, good, and important

Answer 35

values

Question 36

Saying a society ____ educations also likely means there are a lot of norms supporting it's behavior

Answer 36

values

Question 37

_____ are what we deem to be factually true

Answer 37

beliefs

Question 38

Beliefs are held individually but are normally shared by groups, which can create _____

Answer 38

social pressure

Question 39

____ refers to our relative position in society

Answer 39

Status

Question 40

____ are the expectations about how people of a given status should think, feel, and behave

Answer 40

Roles

Question 41

Expected behaviors are often tied to ________

Answer 41

cultural belief

Question 42

A ______ is anything that has the same meaning for two or more people

Answer 42

symbol

Question 43

Symbols can cause feelings of _____ or negative feelings

Answer 43

pride

Question 44

A symbol of pride would be

Answer 44

a nation's flag

Question 45

A symbol for negative feelings would be the

Answer 45

Nazi swastika

Question 46

(T/F) People from different cultures may react differently to the same symbol

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Cultures change over time due to _____

Answer 47

social consensus

Question 48

Culture changes in response to events both ________

Answer 48

manmade and natural

Question 49

_____ are groups that have rules, values, or beliefs that conflict with the mainstream culture

Answer 49

Countercultures

Question 50

The norms of a counterculture usually only makes sense when framed as in opposition to a _____ culture

Answer 50

dominant

Question 51

_______ is also a possible mechanism for social change, with limited results

Answer 51

Violent conflict

Question 52

_____ are also an important element of many people's social identity

Answer 52

cultures

Question 53

_____ can change over time and cultures often have smaller groups within

Answer 53

cultural identities

Question 54

_____ are groups that exist within a larger culture

Answer 54

subcultures

Question 55

Subcultures accept many of the values and beliefs of the _____ culture but also maintaining some unique ways of living

Answer 55

larger

Question 56

Subcultures can reflect a variety of cultural reasons such as:

Answer 56

immigration patterns, ideologies, and lifestyles

Question 57

Subcultures ____ exist in opposition to the dominant culture

Answer 57

do not

Question 58

_____ are practices that exist in most or all societies, such as social structures, tools, families, and politics

Answer 58

Cultural universals

Question 59

Social structures, tools, families, and politics are all examples of

Answer 59

cultural universals

Question 60

The system of knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, and customs that is unique to a specific social group is know as

Answer 60

idioculture

Question 61

________ tends to lag behind material culture

Answer 61

nonmaterial culture

Question 62

Humans are not born with cultural knowledge, we learn it through ____

Answer 62

interactions

Question 63

People socialized within a particular culture will pick up these things from interactions:

Answer 63

- Norms - Values - Beliefs - Symbols - Language

Question 64

The 4 complexities of culture are:

Answer 64

- Countercultures - Subcultures - Idioculture - Cultural Lag

Question 65

(T/F) There is always variation

Answer 65

True