Ch 4: Culture Flashcards
A ____ is a system of ideas, values, beliefs, knowledge, norms, customs, and technology shared by almost everyone in a particular group or society a group or society that make it distinct from other groups and societies
Culture
Examples of culture
- first name
- last name
- food
- clothing
- agriculture
Groups have their own internal cultures since they result from ________
social interaction
Certain institutions might have certain policies about how things are done
formal
A culture within an institution that makes people behave in a certain way
informal
What includes norms, values, beliefs, symbols, and language
nonmaterial culture
What consists of artifacts like physical items like tools and goods
material culture
Culture is created through ______
social interaction
Non-Material culture often begins as _____
necessary adaptation
Non-material culture has shared beliefs as ____
survival adaptation
Language to communicate is an example of _____
non-material culture
In material culture, objects used to adapt take on ________ meanings and often have interaction rituals
cultural meanings
_____ may also involve specific material cultural objects
Rituals
Culture is _____ and _____
objects; ideas
Patterns of ____ provide people with a framework for making decisions
behavior
______ are needed to coordinate activities
routines
______ helps people coordinate their lives
culture
(T/F) The examination of culture can occasionally be difficult because we can be faced with practices/beliefs that are radically similar to our own
False; different
Early sociologists were quite ____ and saw many other cultures as inferior and full of “savages” and “simplistic societies” much of their research was done from that perspective
ethnocentric
Early sociologists were quite ethnocentric and saw many other cultures as inferior and full of “____” and “________” much of their research was done from that perspective
savages; simplistic societies
Some individuals take on a ______ perspective that see’s their own culture as inferior
xenocentric
The belief that cultures must be judged on their own terms is known as __________
cultural relativism
(T/F) Cultural relativism means that a behavior appropriate in one place may be appropriate everywhere
False; may not
(T/F) Knowledge of cultural relativism can be useful to anyone who works with people from different cultures
True
____ are the expectations about appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of people in a variety of situations
norms
The bus, gym and operating room are places that many people follow the ____
norms