Ch 2: Origins of Sociology Flashcards
Sociologists are ___ the first to talk about society and ask questions
not
Society is a type of _____.
organism
Auguste Comte reasoned that sociology should focus on:
1.
2.
3.
Social Statics
The structure of the organism
Social Dynamics
______ objective measures of the social world
Social Statics
Sociologists are _____ that focus on things that can be measured
empiricists
The structure of the organism impacts the _______.
individual
Auguste Comte argued that sociology should be used to _____
better the world and help solve social problems
Use ____ to prevent things from happening
patterns
(T/F) Comte’s idea was that sociology should interfere with social processes
true
(T/F) Sociologists observe and report. They interfere with social processes
False
Who opposed Comte’s idea?
Hebert Spencer
Who coined the term “Survival of the Fittest?”
Herbert Spencer
Societies ____ and become more complex as they get bigger
differentiate
_____ populations put pressure onto social institutions to evolve or change
Bigger
Societies live or die by their response to
selection pressures
Who was a strong critic of capitalism?
Karl Marx
The group who controls the ______ influences other institutions
means of production
The social order is imposed by ____ and uses
industrial capitalism
The ________ own the means of production and have considerable influence over the lives of workers
bourgeoisie
The workers are called
proletariat
the group who controls the ________ influences other institutions
means of productions
As capitalism advances, the workers are ________ from their labor and become increasingly alienated from their own lives
alienated
They lack ________ because capitalist manipulate other instiutions
Class consciousness
Examples of other institutions
media, government, healthcare
Karl Marx believes that charismatic leaders would rise to lead a revolution that will ___ the oppression of capitalism
end
Emile Durkheim believed that social phenomena or ________ are distinct elements of society to be understood on their own and are external to us
social facts
As humans interact, social facts persist over time and culture is created, including _____
shared values
The shared values and beliefs of people are called ______
Collective Conscience
Collective Conscience
Collective mortality that is shared by people
Stronger in simple small societies but weak in in bigger complex societies
Max Weber’s conflict theory was somewhere between ______ and _____ in terms of how he saw society
Marx and Spencer
_____ motivates social change
conflict
Conflict motivates social change, but it’s related to __________ and ______
social evolutionary dynamics; social inequality
Who was concerned with bias in sociological research, but also concerned value free sociology impossible because of the material studied
Max Weber
Max Weber was concerned with bias in sociological research, but also considered ______ impossible because of the material studied
value free sociology
What is an empathetic understanding that comes from studying the subjective meanings that people attach to things to the social world
Verstehen
(T/F) Only socially meaningful actions should be studied
true
- Sociology is a science where institutions can be studied and connected
- Things that society do could be connected to one another
Auguste Comte
- Societal complexity and connections between institutions and phenomena
- Population can change and restructure elements of the social space
Herbert Spencer
