Ch. 9 Part 1 Flashcards
The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Memory
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Flashbulb memories
The processing of information into the memory system
Ex: extracting meaning
Encoding
Retention of encoded information over time
Storage
Process of getting information out of memory storage
Retrieval
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Sensory memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as 7 digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
Short term memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory storehouse. Includes knowledge, skills, a me experiences
Long term memory
We process an enormous amount of information effortlessly
Automatic processing
Committing novel information to memory requires effort just like learning a concept from a text book
Effortful processing
The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Rehearsal
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is through a mass study or practice
Spacing effect
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items on a list
Serial position effect
The encoding of picture images
Visual encoding
The encoding of sound
Acoustic encoding
The encoding of meaning
Semantic encoding
Finding personal meaning in what you are studying
Self reference effect
Mental pictures
Imagery
Recalling the high points while forgetting the mundane moments, remembering something better than it actually was
Rosy retrospection
Memory AIDS
Mnemonic devices
AIDS to remember lengthy passages or speeches, pretend you are in a house
Methods of loci
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units
Chunking
Broad concepts divided and sub divided into narrower concepts and facts
Hierarchies
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
Iconic memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
Echoic memory
Recall capacity for magic number 7, short term memory only holds about 7 pieces of information
George Miller
An increase in a synapses firing potential after a brief, rapid stimulation
Long term potentiation
The loss of memory
Amnesia
Retention independent of conscious recollection
Implicit memory
A memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
Explicit memory
A neural center that is located in the lambic system and helps process explicit memories for storage
Hippocampus
Forming/storing the implicit memories created by classical conditioning
Cerebellum
A newer understanding of short term memory that involves the conscious, active processing of incoming and visual-spatial information, and information retrieved from long term memory
Working memory
