Ch 9 Occupational Health Risks

Question 1

tobacco

Answer 1

leading exogenous cause of human cancers (90% of lung cancers)

Question 2

smoking and lung cancer

Answer 2

direct irritant effect on tracheobronchial mucosa
increased recruitment of leukocytes - increased elastase
CYPs produces electophilic intermediates that form DNA adducts leading to mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors

Question 3

smoking and other diseases

Answer 3

cancers of esophagus, pancreas, bladder, kidney, cervix, and bone marrow
most common - emphysema, chronic bronchitis, COPD
development of atherosclerosis
increased spontaneous abortions and preterm

Question 4

high alcohol concentration inhibits

Answer 4

metabolism of other compounds by CYP2E1

Question 5

increased NADH

Answer 5

associated w/ elevated lactic acid levels and steatosis

Question 6

acute alcoholism

Answer 6

effects CNS w/ reversible hepatic and gastric changes

fatty changes or hepatic steatosis

Question 7

chronic alcoholism

Answer 7

portal hypertension

cardiovascular system - cardiomyopathy, increased hypertension

Question 8

increased risk of cancer due to alcohol

Answer 8

oral cavity, esophagus, liver, and breast

Question 9

emphysema

Answer 9

increased recruitment of leukocytes leading to increased elastase production leading to damage

Question 10

polycyclic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines

Answer 10

potent carcinogens directly involved in the development of lung cancer in humans