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MOD II > Ch 7 Molecular Basis of Cancer > Flashcards

Ch 7 Molecular Basis of Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

8 hallmarks of cancer

A

self sufficiency in growth signals
insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals
altered cellular metabolism
evasion of apoptosis
limitless replicative potential (immortality)
sustained angiogenesis
ability to invade and metastasize
ability to evade the host immune response

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2
Q

proto oncogenes

A

involved in normal cell growth and division

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3
Q

oncogenes

A

cancer causing genes
change in proto oncogenes that cause them to be more active (mutated or over expressed)
allows the cell the grow and survive when they should not

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4
Q

tumor suppressor genes

A

involved in fixing damaged DNA

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5
Q

stem cell like properties of cancer cells

A

lesions that inactivate senescence signals and reactivate telomerase which gives cells limitless replicative potential

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6
Q

oncoprotein

A

protein encoded by an oncogenes that drives increased cell proliferation through several mechanisms

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7
Q

activation of EGF R TK

A

point mutation

lung cancer

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8
Q

activation of HER2 TK

A

gene amplification

breast cancer

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9
Q

activation of JAK2 TK

A

point mutation

myeloproliferative disorders

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10
Q

activation of ABL non TK

A

chromosomal translocation

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11
Q

activation of BCL-ABL

A

fusion gene

CML, ALL

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12
Q

activation of RAS

A

point mutation

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13
Q

activation of PI3K and BRAF ser/thre kinase

A

point mutation

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14
Q

MYC

A

master transcription factor that regulates genes needed for rapid cell growth
induced by RAS/MAPK in quiescent cells by GF

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15
Q

CDK4/D

A

make a complex that pi RB allowing cells through the G1-S checkpoint

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16
Q

RB

A

tumor suppressive protein that binds the E2F transcription factors in HYPOpi state stoping G1-S progression
normal growth factor signaling will lead to HYPERpi leading to progression of cell cycle
E7 of HPV binds to and inhibits

17
Q

p53

A

tumor suppressor that causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through p21
allows for DNA repair
main component of G2-M checkpoint

18
Q

proteins involved in signal transduction pathway

A

occurs when a molecule attaches to a R leading to a cascade of biochemical reactions inside the cell that reach the target molecule or site of reaction

19
Q

two hit of RB

A

must have 2 defective copies
familial - one inherited and one mutation
sporadic - two mutations

20
Q

p53 and chemotherapy and radiation

A

wild (normal) p53- is most effected by these treatments

mutated p53 - resistant

21
Q

activation of p53

A

ATM/ATR sense DNA damage and pi p53 removing inhibition by MDM2

22
Q

APC

A

adenomatous polyposis coli protein
INHIBITOR OF WNT SIGNALING
F -familial colonic polyps and carcinomas
S - carcinomas of stomach, colon, pancreas, melanoma

23
Q

NF1

A

neurofibromin-1
INHIBITOR OF RAS/MAPK SIGNALING
F- nerofibromas and malignant peripheral n sheath tumors)
S - neuroblastoma, juvenile ML

24
Q

NF2

A

merlin
CYTOSKELETAL STABILITY, HIPPO PATHWAY SIGNALING
F - acoustic schwannoma and meningioma
S - schwannoma and meningioma

25
Q

RB syndromes and cancers

A

retinoblastoma protein
F - retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, other sarcoma
S - retinoblastoma, osteosacoma, carcinomas of breast, colon, lung

26
Q

VHL

A

von hippel lindau protein
INHIBITOR OF HYPOXIA INDUCED TF
F - cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal angioma, renal cell carcinoma
S - renal cell carcinoma

27
Q

CDH1

A

e-cadherin
CELL ADHESION INHIBITION OF CELL MOTILITY
F - familial gastric cancer
S - gastic carcinoma, lobular breast carcinoma

28
Q

TP53

A

p53 protein
CELL CYCLE ARREST & APOPTOSIS IN RESPONSE TO DNA DAMAGE
F - Li-Fraumeni syndrome (diverse cancers)
S - most human cancers

29
Q

BRCA1 and 2

A

breast cancer 1 and 2
REPAIR OF DOUBLE STRANDED DNA
F - breast, ovarian, CLL
S - rare

30
Q

WT1

A

wilms tumor 1
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR
F - wilms tumor
S - wilms tumor, leukemias

31
Q

CML

A

9;22 ABL BCR

32
Q

AML

A

8;21

15;17 - increased risk of bleeding

33
Q

burkitt lymphoma

A

8;14

MCY oncogene

34
Q

mantel cell lymphoma

A

11;14

35
Q

follicular lymphoma

A

14;18

MOD II (18 decks)

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