Ch 7 Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms

Question 1

differentiation

Answer 1

degree to which a neoplastic parenchymal cell resembles the normal parenchymal cells (mprphologically and functionally)

Question 2

benign neoplasms

Answer 2

WELL DIFFERENTIATED and difficult to distinguish from normal tissue, mitoses are rare, normal configuration

Question 3

malignant neoplasms

Answer 3

exhibit differentiation

Question 4

well differentiated

Answer 4

closely resembles parent tissue

Question 5

moderately differentiated

Answer 5

features of the original tissue type identifiable, but its not the dominant pattern w/ additional atypia

Question 6

poorly differentiated

Answer 6

a small minority of cellular constituents allow identification of the parent tissue associated w/ celular anaplasia

Question 7

undifferentiated

Answer 7

tissue of origin cannot be discerned by histopathologic appearance of the neoplasm.
always associated with ANAPLASIA

Question 8

anaplasia

Answer 8

lack of differentiation, HALLMARK OF MALIGNANCY
pleomorphism
hyperchromatic nuclei (1:4 nuclear to cytoplasm normal), variable and bizarre in shape
giant cells
mitoses is numerous and atypical

Question 9

metaplasia

Answer 9

replacement of one type of cell with another
replacement is better suited to some alteration in the local environment
replacement coms from the basilar layer

Question 10

dysplasia

Answer 10

disordered growth
loss in the uniformity of the individual cells as well as a loss in their architectural orientation
does not alway progress to malignancy

Question 11

carcinoma in situe

Answer 11

dysplastic changes marked and involved the full thickness of epithelium but does not penetrate the basement membrane
can progress - should remove

Question 12

desmoplasia

Answer 12

parenchymal cells stimulate the formation of an abundant collagenous stroma
scirrhous - stony and hard, seen in BC

Question 13

metastasis

Answer 13

spread of tumor to sites that are physically discontinuous w/ the primary tumor
MARKS A TUMOR AS MALIGNANT

Question 14

direct seeding of body cavities or surfaces

Answer 14

whenever a malignant neoplasm penetrates into a natural open field lacking physical barriers
characteristic of carcinomas arising in the ovaries

Question 15

pseudomyxoma peritonei

Answer 15

mucus secreting appendiceal carcinomas or ovarian carcinomas fill the peritoneal cavity w/ gelatinous neoplastic mass

Question 16

lymphatic spread

Answer 16

MOST COMMON - CARCINOMAS

Question 17

skip metastases

Answer 17

move through the 1st lymph node then get stuck in the next set, can go all the way to the thoracic duct

Question 18

sentinel nodes

Answer 18

1st node in a regional lymphatic basin that receives lymph flow from the primary tumor

Question 19

hematogenous spread

Answer 19

MOST COMMON - SARCOMAS
venous invasion is more common
liver and lungs are commonly involved

Question 20

cancers w/ propensity of invasion of veins

Answer 20

renal cell carcinoma

hepatocellular carcinomas