Ch 10 Congenital Anomalies

Question 1

congenital

Answer 1

born with, but does not imply or exclude genetic basis for the birth defect
MOST COMMON cause of mortality in the 1st year

Question 2

malformation

Answer 2

primary error of morphogenesis in which there is an intrinsically abnormal developmental process
example - congenital heart defect, anencephaly

Question 3

disruption

Answer 3

secondary destruction of an organ or body region that was previously normal in development, arise from extrinsic disturbance in morphogenesis
example - amniotic bands

Question 4

deformation

Answer 4

extrinsic disturbance of development, localized or generalized compression of growing fetus by abnormally biomechanical forces, leading to variety of structural abnormalities
example - uterine constant

Question 5

sequence

Answer 5

cascade of anomalies triggered by one initiating aberration

example - potter’s sequence

Question 6

embryonic period

Answer 6

1st 9 weeks of pregnancy

Question 7

early embryonic - pathogenesis

Answer 7

1st 3 weeks

damage leads to abortion or the cells are able to recover w/o defects

Question 8

late embryonic - pathogenesis

Answer 8

weeks 3 to 9

embryo is extremely susceptible to teratogenesis - organs out of germ cells layers

Question 9

fetal period

Answer 9

weeks 9 weeks to birth

reduced susceptibility to teratogenic agents