Ch 9 Muscle Physiology Parts 1 & 2

Question 1

3 Muscle tissue types

Answer 1

Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

Question 2

3 Myocyte structures

Answer 2

Sarcolemma = plasma membrane
Sarcoplasm = cytoplasm
Myoofibrils = Contractile structure of a cell

Question 3

What are T-tubules

Answer 3

invaginations of sarcolemma

Question 4

T-tubule function

Answer 4

Transfer of action potentials

Question 5

What’s the triad

Answer 5

T-tubule between two terminal cisternae

Question 6

What is terminal cisternae

Answer 6

Sacs adjacent to t-tubules

Question 7

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Internal membrane complex (smooth ER)

Question 8

Two types of filaments

Answer 8

thick and thin

Question 9

Thick filament is called what

Answer 9

Myosin

Question 10

Thin filament is called what

Answer 10

Actin

Question 11

3 parts of thin filament structure

Answer 11

Troponin, Tropomyosin, Actin

Question 12

What does Nebulin do

Answer 12

Plays a role in filament assembly

Question 13

What does troponin do

Answer 13

Regulates contraction

Question 14

What does tropomyosin do

Answer 14

Regulates contraction

Question 15

What is myosin composed of

Answer 15

two large polypeptide heavy chains

Question 16

Globular heads do what

Answer 16

Form cross bridges: for contact with thin filament

Question 17

What are sarcomeres

Answer 17

Functional units of myocytes

Question 18

What are Z discs

Answer 18

Proteins that anchor thin filaments

Question 19

What are alpha motor neurons

Answer 19

Neurons whose axons innervate skeletal myocytes

Question 20

Neuromuscular junction cell bodies are located in…

Answer 20

The brainstem and spinal cord

Question 21

Are all motor neuron axons myelinated?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

What is the axon terminal

Answer 22

Synaptic vesicles and active zones

Question 23

What is the synaptic cleft?

Answer 23

Space between axon and sarcolemma

Question 24

What is the motor end plate

Answer 24

ACH receptors and junctional folds

Question 25

Ca 2+ binds to…

Answer 25

Troponin

Question 26

Troponin and Ca2+ binding causes what

Answer 26

Sliding Filament mechanism

Question 27

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down what

Answer 27

ACH

Question 28

Ca2+-ATPase pumps do what

Answer 28

return Ca2+ ions to the SR by active transport

Question 29

Tropomyosin is held in blocking position by…

Answer 29

Troponin

Question 30

Name the troponin sub units

Answer 30

Troponin I (inhibitory)
Troponin T (tropomyosin binding)
Troponin C (calcium binding)

Question 31

Force generations produces what for a muscle fiber

Answer 31

Shortening

Question 32

3 types of Muscular Distrophy

Answer 32

Duchenne
Becker
Limb-girdle

Question 33

Muscle contraction is based on what two factors

Answer 33

Force and Length

Question 34

Describe muscle tension

Answer 34

force from muscle on an object

Question 35

Describe muscle load

Answer 35

Force by an object on a muscle

Question 36

3 types of muscle contraction

Answer 36

Concentric
Eccentric
Isometric

Question 37

Summation is…

Answer 37

increase in muscle tension from successive action potentials occurring during mechanical activity

Question 38

Tetanic contraction is

Answer 38

A maintained contraction in response to repetitive stimulation

Question 39

Muscle fatigue occurs when…

Answer 39

A skeletal myocyte is repeatedly stimulated

Question 40

Onset of fatigue depends on

Answer 40

type of active myocyte (fast vs slow twitch)
Intensity
Duration

Question 41

What is botulism

Answer 41

Limp baby
Caused neurotoxin SNARE protein

Question 42

Name difference between glycolytic and oxidative fibers

Answer 42

glycolytic is fast twitch
Oxidative is slow twitch

Question 43

Oxidative fibers contain…

Answer 43

myoglobin
also called red muscle fibers

Question 44

Glycolytic Fibers lack…

Answer 44

Myoglobin
Referred to as white muscle fibers

Question 45

Three fiber types

Answer 45

Slow oxidative
Fast oxidative
Fast glycolytic