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Physiology > Ch 4 Diffusion Osmosis > Flashcards

Ch 4 Diffusion Osmosis Flashcards

1
Q

Movement of molecules

A

from high to low concentration

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2
Q

Diffusion Equilibrium will start…

A

Randomly due to random thermal motion

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3
Q

When diffusion equilibrium is reached…?

A

molecule movement diminishes

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4
Q

What is flux

A

amount of substance that crosses the membrane
determined by the concentration difference
Bi directional movement

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5
Q

Net Flux

A

diifference between 2 one-way fluxes

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6
Q

diffusion equillibrium will have a net flux of…

A

zero

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7
Q

diffusion flux is directly proportional to…

A

concentration gradient

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8
Q

diffusuion times increase in proportion to what

A

the swaure of the distance

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9
Q

what is diffusion limited by

A

distance, the longer the distance the slower

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10
Q

lipophillic nonpolar substance diffuse easily or not?

A

diffuse easily

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11
Q

what molecules do not diffuse easily

A

polar molecules and hydrophilic substances

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12
Q

examples of lipophilic

A

oxygen, CO2, fatty acids, steroids

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13
Q

How do ions diffuse

A

use of protein channels

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14
Q

are ion channels integral membrane proteins in a membrane

A

yes

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15
Q

what is the selectivity for the type of ion

A

channel diameter
charged
polar surfaces of peptide subunits

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16
Q

Describe membrane potential electrical force

A

drives positive ions in and negative ions out

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17
Q

Channels are regulated to control what

A

movement of ions into and out of the cell

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18
Q

channel gating is what

A

process of opening and closing ion channels

19
Q

4 types of gated channels

A

ligand gated (Need ligand such as neurotransmitter)
mechanically gated
always open (K+ and Na+)
voltage gated

20
Q

what are transporters

A

integral membrane proteins that mediate movement of ions, polar molecules, and large molecules through a cell

21
Q

what is mediated transport

A

movement of substances through a transporter

22
Q

examples of simple diffusion

A

O2, CO2, H2O,

23
Q

examples of facilitated diffuson

A

GLUT, H2O - AQP, ion channels

24
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

type of mediated transport
movement of substance through gradient concentration using a transporter
NO ATP

25
Q

What is active transport

A

Type of mediated transport
uses energy to move substance against concentration gradient through pumps

26
Q

Two types of pumps

A

primary active transport
secondary active transport

27
Q

primary active transport

A

direct use of ATP

28
Q

Secondary active transport

A

uses electrochemical gradient across a membrane to drive the process

29
Q

Na+/K+ ATPase pump does what

A

found in every cell
establishes and maintains high intracellular K+ and low intraceullar NA+

30
Q

Secondary transport binding sites

A

one for an ion
another for co-transported molecule
Water always follows sodium

31
Q

Co-transport (symport) means

A

Occurs when solutes move in same direction
SYMPORT = SIMILAR

32
Q

Counter-transport (antiport) means

A

when solutes move in opposite directions
**ANTI = OPPOSITE

33
Q

Osmosis is

A

Net movement of water across a membrane

34
Q

Does Osmosis require ATP

A

No

35
Q

How is osmosis mediated by membrane proteins

A

aquaporins

36
Q

What is osmolarity

A

Total solute concentration
Also determines water concentration in a solution

37
Q

Semipermeable membrane

A

membreane permeable to H2O but not solutes

38
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvents through a semipermeable membrane

39
Q

osmolarity of a solution is directly proprotional to

A

osmotic pressure

40
Q

osmotic pressure is inversely proportional to

A

its volume

41
Q

Isotonic

A

equal concentration

42
Q

Hypotonic

A

Swelling

43
Q

Hypertonic

A

shrivel

Physiology (8 decks)

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