Ch 1 Homeostasis

Question 1

Physiology is?

Answer 1

the study of how living organisms function

Question 2

Homeostasis is?

Answer 2

• the maintenance of a stable internal environment
• detects and responds to changes in physiological variables

Question 3

Hemostasis is?

Answer 3

• blood clotting
• blood clotting to cover broken vessels

Question 4

Hematopoiesis is?

Answer 4

creation of new blood cells

Question 5

What are the homeostasis physiological variables?

Answer 5

• developmental
• blood pressure
• body temp.
• blood gases (Oxygen)
• pH and acid-base balance
• water
  (continuous process)

Question 6

Homeostasis refers to physiological variables in a state of…

Answer 6

dynamic constancy

Question 7

If homeostasis is maintained then?

Answer 7

it is called physiology or “physiologic state”

Question 8

If homeostasis is not maintained then?

Answer 8

it is called pathophysiology

Question 9

what is an example of dynamic constancy?

Answer 9

levels change over short periods of time but remain relatively constant over long periods of time

Question 10

what is the cycle of homeostasis?

Answer 10

1) stimulus
2) receptor
3) control center
4) effector

Question 11

a receptor is?

Answer 11

senses change in the body

Question 12

what is an example of a receptor?

Answer 12

stretch receptors in the hearts or thermoreceptor

Question 13

integrating control center is?

Answer 13

the process of sensory information and direct response

Question 14

what is an example of an integrating receptor?

Answer 14

medulla oblongata and hypothalamus

Question 15

an effector is?

Answer 15

cells or organs that carryout the final action

Question 16

what is an example of an effector?

Answer 16

the heart and muscle

Question 17

what are feedback loops?

Answer 17

closed feedback systems alter original changes that triggered them

Question 18

what are the two possible types of feedback loops?

Answer 18

postive or negative

Question 19

the afferent pathway is?

Answer 19

the receptor to integrating center

Question 20

the efferent pathway is?

Answer 20

the integrating center to the effector

Question 21

what type of feedback occurs when the body senses a change and “negates” or reverses it

Answer 21

negative feedback

Question 22

positive feedback does what?

Answer 22

enhances the production of rapid changes

Question 23

what are examples of positive feedback?

Answer 23

childbirth and blood clotting

Question 24

feedforward regulation is?

Answer 24

a regulatory mechanism that anticipates a change in a variable

Question 25

what is an example of feedforward regulation?

Answer 25

the smell of food stimulates odor receptors to stimulate saliva

Question 26

how does human physiology vary?

Answer 26

• sex
• age
• diet
• weight
• physical activity
• genetics
• environment

Question 27

what is an example of adaptive alteration?

Answer 27

a fever: resets body temp from 98.6 to 102

Question 28

what is the effect of a fever (adaptive alteration)

Answer 28

it slows down the reproduction of infectious pathogens

Question 29

clashing demands is?

Answer 29

requires other variables to be moved away from homeostasis

Question 30

acclimatization is?

Answer 30

the beneficial physiological adjustment that improved functioning of an existing homeostatic system

Question 31

adaption is?

Answer 31

the change in characteristics that favor survival in specific environment

Question 32

an example of adaption is?

Answer 32

the protection against UV radiation by melanin pigment in dark skin