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Physiology > Ch 6 Neuro Physiology Part 1, 2, 3 > Flashcards

Ch 6 Neuro Physiology Part 1, 2, 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

produce electrical signals or nerve impulses

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2
Q

action potential

A

electrical signals sent by neurons

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3
Q

glial cells

A

support cells
most numerous

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4
Q

cell body contains

A

nucleus and ribosomes

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5
Q

dendrites are

A

branches that receive information

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6
Q

axon does..

A

carries outgoing signals to target cells

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7
Q

axon hillock

A

initial segment that generates the action potentials

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8
Q

where do afferent neurons travel

A

transmit information into CNS from peripheral receptors

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9
Q

where do efferent neurons travel

A

Transmit information out of CNS to effector cells

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10
Q

What are inerneurons

A

work as integrators and signal chargers

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11
Q

Are synapses inhibitory or excitatory

A

Both. Depends on the signal/neurotransmitter being transmitted

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12
Q

Motor proteins do what

A

movement between the soma and axon therminals

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13
Q

anterograde transport

A
  • forward
  • KINESINS move materials forward
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14
Q

retrograde transport

A
  • backward
  • DYNEINS move materials backward
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15
Q

** TEST QUESTION **
- what protein aids in the movement of a virus

A

Dynein and kinesin

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16
Q

Schwann cells form what

A

Form myelin sheaths along axons

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17
Q

nodes of ranvier

A
  • gaps between regions of myelin sheath.
  • Permit exchange of Na and K ions across cell membrane.
  • Voltage gated
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18
Q

What occurs in MS

A

Immune cells attack myelin

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19
Q

What are astrocytes

A

glial cells that regulate extracellular fluid in CNS

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20
Q

What are microglia

A

macrophage like cells perform immune functions in CNS

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21
Q

Ependymal cells

A

line fluid filled cavities within the brain and spinal cord
- regulate the production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid

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22
Q

What are oligodendrocytes

A

form the myelin sheath of CNS axons

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23
Q

Membrane potential

A

difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of a cell

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24
Q

What is the membrane potential range

A

-80mV to -40mV

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25
Magnitude of a resting membrane potential is...
-70mV
26
What are graded potentials
Changes in membrane potential confined to a small region of membrane
27
decremental is...
potential change decrease as the distance increases
28
Summation is...
Addition of graded potentials from several stimuli, that occur in rapid succession; needed for action potential
29
To generate and propagate an action potential the cell must use several types of...
ion channels
30
what do voltage gated ion channels do
Give a membrane the ability to undergo action potentials
31
What is a synapse
an anatomically specialized junction between two neurons
32
What are electrical synapses
membranes of neurons joined by gap junctions
33
What are chemical synapses
presynaptic neurons that release neurotransmitters and bind to receptors on post synaptic neurons
34
What does EPSP stand for and what does it do
- excitatory post synaptic potential - graded potentials that move the membrane to the threshold potential
35
What does IPSP stand for and what does it do
- Inhibitory postdynaptic potential - hyperpolarizing graded potential that inhibits generation of action potential
36
Neurotransmitters vs neuromodulators
- neurotransmitters have postsynaptic rapid response - neuromodulators modify slowly postsynaptic response to neurotransmitters, regulating activity
37
What does ach bind to
muscarininc (g protein coupled) or nictoninc (ligand gated ion channel) receptors
38
What are biogenic amines
charged molecules synthesized from amino acids
39
examples of biogenic amines
dopamine, serotnin, histamine, norepinephrine (norepinephrine is important in CNS and PNS)
40
What is serotonin produced from
tryptophan
41
what is histamine made from
histidine
42
Adregernic receptors are for...
norepinephrine and epinephrine
43
Adregernic receptors use what to transfer a signal
second messengers
44
Serotonin is a neuromodulator in every structure in...
brain and spinal cord
45
Most common neurotransmitters in the CNS is...
Amino acid neurotransmitters
46
Amino acid neurotransmitters at excitatory synapses
aspartate and glutamate
47
Amino acid neurotransmitters at inhibitory synapses
glycine and GABA
48
Glutamate is,,
primary neurotransmitter at 50% of excitatory synapses in CNS
49
types of glutamate receptors...
ionotropic receptors metabolic receptors (g-coupled)
50
What is GABA
major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
51
PNS afferent division contains
somatic sensory Visceral sensory Special sensory
52
PNS efferent division contains
Somatic Motor Autonomic Motor
53
The brainstem contains what required for survival
autonomic and reflex centeres aka integrating centers
54
Where does reticular formation run through
core of the brainstem which is essential for life - passageway for all tracts between cerebrum and spinal cord
55
Parasympathetic vs Sympathetic
Parasympathetic: calm response Sympathetic: Flight or fight
56
Sensation vs Perception
Sensation: conscious awareness of a stimulus (pain in finger) Perception: Understanding of the meaning of a sensation (pain is caused from sharp object)
57
Sensory receptors are located where
peripheral ends of afferent neurons
58
what do sensory rectors do in response to a stimulus
generate graded potentials that can initiate action potentials
59
3 classes of sensory receptors
receptor distribution (somatic, visceral, special) stimulus origin (environment, inside body, know where body is) Modality of stimulus
60
a sensory unit composed of afferent neuron structures does what
reaches peripherally and centrally from cell body

Physiology (8 decks)

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