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Physiology > Ch 6 Neuro Physiology Part 1, 2, 3 > Flashcards

Ch 6 Neuro Physiology Part 1, 2, 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

produce electrical signals or nerve impulses

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2
Q

action potential

A

electrical signals sent by neurons

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3
Q

glial cells

A

support cells
most numerous

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4
Q

cell body contains

A

nucleus and ribosomes

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5
Q

dendrites are

A

branches that receive information

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6
Q

axon does..

A

carries outgoing signals to target cells

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7
Q

axon hillock

A

initial segment that generates the action potentials

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8
Q

where do afferent neurons travel

A

transmit information into CNS from peripheral receptors

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9
Q

where do efferent neurons travel

A

Transmit information out of CNS to effector cells

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10
Q

What are inerneurons

A

work as integrators and signal chargers

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11
Q

Are synapses inhibitory or excitatory

A

Both. Depends on the signal/neurotransmitter being transmitted

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12
Q

Motor proteins do what

A

movement between the soma and axon therminals

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13
Q

anterograde transport

A
  • forward
  • KINESINS move materials forward
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14
Q

retrograde transport

A
  • backward
  • DYNEINS move materials backward
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15
Q

** TEST QUESTION **
- what protein aids in the movement of a virus

A

Dynein and kinesin

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16
Q

Schwann cells form what

A

Form myelin sheaths along axons

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17
Q

nodes of ranvier

A
  • gaps between regions of myelin sheath.
  • Permit exchange of Na and K ions across cell membrane.
  • Voltage gated
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18
Q

What occurs in MS

A

Immune cells attack myelin

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19
Q

What are astrocytes

A

glial cells that regulate extracellular fluid in CNS

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20
Q

What are microglia

A

macrophage like cells perform immune functions in CNS

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21
Q

Ependymal cells

A

line fluid filled cavities within the brain and spinal cord
- regulate the production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid

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22
Q

What are oligodendrocytes

A

form the myelin sheath of CNS axons

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23
Q

Membrane potential

A

difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of a cell

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24
Q

What is the membrane potential range

A

-80mV to -40mV

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25
Q

Magnitude of a resting membrane potential is…

A

-70mV

26
Q

What are graded potentials

A

Changes in membrane potential confined to a small region of membrane

27
Q

decremental is…

A

potential change decrease as the distance increases

28
Q

Summation is…

A

Addition of graded potentials from several stimuli, that occur in rapid succession; needed for action potential

29
Q

To generate and propagate an action potential the cell must use several types of…

A

ion channels

30
Q

what do voltage gated ion channels do

A

Give a membrane the ability to undergo action potentials

31
Q

What is a synapse

A

an anatomically specialized junction between two neurons

32
Q

What are electrical synapses

A

membranes of neurons joined by gap junctions

33
Q

What are chemical synapses

A

presynaptic neurons that release neurotransmitters and bind to receptors on post synaptic neurons

34
Q

What does EPSP stand for and what does it do

A
  • excitatory post synaptic potential
  • graded potentials that move the membrane to the threshold potential
35
Q

What does IPSP stand for and what does it do

A
  • Inhibitory postdynaptic potential
  • hyperpolarizing graded potential that inhibits generation of action potential
36
Q

Neurotransmitters vs neuromodulators

A
  • neurotransmitters have postsynaptic rapid response
  • neuromodulators modify slowly postsynaptic response to neurotransmitters, regulating activity
37
Q

What does ach bind to

A

muscarininc (g protein coupled) or nictoninc (ligand gated ion channel) receptors

38
Q

What are biogenic amines

A

charged molecules synthesized from amino acids

39
Q

examples of biogenic amines

A

dopamine, serotnin, histamine, norepinephrine
(norepinephrine is important in CNS and PNS)

40
Q

What is serotonin produced from

A

tryptophan

41
Q

what is histamine made from

A

histidine

42
Q

Adregernic receptors are for…

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine

43
Q

Adregernic receptors use what to transfer a signal

A

second messengers

44
Q

Serotonin is a neuromodulator in every structure in…

A

brain and spinal cord

45
Q

Most common neurotransmitters in the CNS is…

A

Amino acid neurotransmitters

46
Q

Amino acid neurotransmitters at excitatory synapses

A

aspartate and glutamate

47
Q

Amino acid neurotransmitters at inhibitory synapses

A

glycine and GABA

48
Q

Glutamate is,,

A

primary neurotransmitter at 50% of excitatory synapses in CNS

49
Q

types of glutamate receptors…

A

ionotropic receptors
metabolic receptors (g-coupled)

50
Q

What is GABA

A

major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

51
Q

PNS afferent division contains

A

somatic sensory
Visceral sensory
Special sensory

52
Q

PNS efferent division contains

A

Somatic Motor
Autonomic Motor

53
Q

The brainstem contains what required for survival

A

autonomic and reflex centeres aka integrating centers

54
Q

Where does reticular formation run through

A

core of the brainstem which is essential for life
- passageway for all tracts between cerebrum and spinal cord

55
Q

Parasympathetic vs Sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic: calm response
Sympathetic: Flight or fight

56
Q

Sensation vs Perception

A

Sensation: conscious awareness of a stimulus (pain in finger)
Perception: Understanding of the meaning of a sensation (pain is caused from sharp object)

57
Q

Sensory receptors are located where

A

peripheral ends of afferent neurons

58
Q

what do sensory rectors do in response to a stimulus

A

generate graded potentials that can initiate action potentials

59
Q

3 classes of sensory receptors

A

receptor distribution (somatic, visceral, special)
stimulus origin (environment, inside body, know where body is)
Modality of stimulus

60
Q

a sensory unit composed of afferent neuron structures does what

A

reaches peripherally and centrally from cell body

Physiology (8 decks)

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