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Physiology > Ch 2 Chemical Composition of the Body > Flashcards

Ch 2 Chemical Composition of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major elements within the body?

A

oxygen (65%,) carbon (18%,) hydrogen (9.5%) and, nitrogen (3.2%)

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2
Q

what are the mineral elements within the body?

A

potassium (0.4%), sulfur (0.2%) and, chlorine (0.2%)

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3
Q

2 or more atoms chemically bonded together is?

A

a molecule

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4
Q

molecules with 2 or more different elements is?

A

compounds

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5
Q

what is the chemical formula of glucose

A

C6H12O6

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6
Q

what is more soluble in water, non-polar or polar molecules?

A

molecules with polar bonds

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7
Q

what is less soluble in water, non-polar or polar molecules?

A

molecules with non-polar bonds

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8
Q

are ionic bonds stronger or weaker than covalent bonds?

A

weaker

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9
Q

lots of hydrogen bonds indicate?

A

a more secure molecule

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10
Q

what are examples of carbohydrates?

A

polysaccharides and disaccharides

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11
Q

what are examples of lipids?

A

triglycerides, phospholipids and, steroids

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12
Q

what are examples of proteins?

A

polypeptides

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13
Q

what are examples are nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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14
Q

what % of your body weight is carbohydrates?

A

1%

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15
Q

what % of your body weight is lipids?

A

15%

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16
Q

what % of your body weight is proteins?

A

17%

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17
Q

what % of your body weight is nucleic acids?

A

2%

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18
Q

a polysaccharide chain with covalent bonds is a?

A

glycosidic bond

19
Q

a monomer subunit of carbohydrates is called?

A

monosaccharides

20
Q

what are examples of a disaccharides?

A

sucrose = glucose + fructose
lactose = galactose + glucose
maltose = glucose + glucose

21
Q

lipids that have non-polar covalent bonds?

A

low solubility in H2O

22
Q

the monomer subunits of lipids are?

A

glycerol and fatty acids

23
Q

saturated fatty acids have what kind of bond?

A

single covalent bonds, no double bonds!

24
Q

unsaturated fatty acids have what kind of bond?

A

one or more double bonds

25
Q

what is an example of a saturated fat?

A
  • meats, butter, and dairy products
  • clogs arteries
  • solid at room temp.
26
Q

what is an example of an unsaturated fat?

A
  • vegetable oils
  • liquid at room temp
    LDL is broken down and removed from the body
27
Q

what are a majority of the lipids in the body?

A

triglycerides

28
Q

how are triglycerides formed?

A

by bonding of glycerol, a 3 carbon sugar-alcohol, to 3 fatty acids

29
Q

what are steroids made of?

A

lipids

30
Q

what is a unique feature of steroids?

A

4 fused hydrocarbon rings, hydrophobic

31
Q

what are some examples of steroids?

A

cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone, testosterone

32
Q

how are proteins linked?

A

by covalent bonds called peptide bonds

33
Q

what is the monomer subunit of proteins?

A

amino acids -> peptide -> protein

34
Q

what are the essential amino acids?

A

threonine, histidine, tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, valine, leucine, isoleucine

35
Q

can essential amino acids be synthesized in the body?

A

no

36
Q

what is a polypeptide?

A

a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

37
Q

what is the primary protein structure?

A

a single chain (straight line)

38
Q

what is the secondary protein structure?

A

isolated beta and alpha chain

39
Q

what is the tertiary protein structure?

A

intertwined beta and alpha chain

40
Q

what is the responsibility of nucleic acids?

A

the storage, expression, and transmission of genetic info.

41
Q

what are nucleic acids made of?

A

nucleotides

42
Q

Is RNA a single or double chain of nucleotides?

A

single

43
Q

9 essential amino acids

A

Threonine
Histidine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Lysine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

Physiology (8 decks)

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