Ch 2 Chemical Composition of the Body

Question 1

what are the major elements within the body?

Answer 1

oxygen (65%,) carbon (18%,) hydrogen (9.5%) and, nitrogen (3.2%)

Question 2

what are the mineral elements within the body?

Answer 2

potassium (0.4%), sulfur (0.2%) and, chlorine (0.2%)

Question 3

2 or more atoms chemically bonded together is?

Answer 3

a molecule

Question 4

molecules with 2 or more different elements is?

Answer 4

compounds

Question 5

what is the chemical formula of glucose

Answer 5

C6H12O6

Question 6

what is more soluble in water, non-polar or polar molecules?

Answer 6

molecules with polar bonds

Question 7

what is less soluble in water, non-polar or polar molecules?

Answer 7

molecules with non-polar bonds

Question 8

are ionic bonds stronger or weaker than covalent bonds?

Answer 8

weaker

Question 9

lots of hydrogen bonds indicate?

Answer 9

a more secure molecule

Question 10

what are examples of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

polysaccharides and disaccharides

Question 11

what are examples of lipids?

Answer 11

triglycerides, phospholipids and, steroids

Question 12

what are examples of proteins?

Answer 12

polypeptides

Question 13

what are examples are nucleic acids?

Answer 13

DNA and RNA

Question 14

what % of your body weight is carbohydrates?

Answer 14

1%

Question 15

what % of your body weight is lipids?

Answer 15

15%

Question 16

what % of your body weight is proteins?

Answer 16

17%

Question 17

what % of your body weight is nucleic acids?

Answer 17

2%

Question 18

a polysaccharide chain with covalent bonds is a?

Answer 18

glycosidic bond

Question 19

a monomer subunit of carbohydrates is called?

Answer 19

monosaccharides

Question 20

what are examples of a disaccharides?

Answer 20

sucrose = glucose + fructose
lactose = galactose + glucose
maltose = glucose + glucose

Question 21

lipids that have non-polar covalent bonds?

Answer 21

low solubility in H2O

Question 22

the monomer subunits of lipids are?

Answer 22

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 23

saturated fatty acids have what kind of bond?

Answer 23

single covalent bonds, no double bonds!

Question 24

unsaturated fatty acids have what kind of bond?

Answer 24

one or more double bonds

Question 25

what is an example of a saturated fat?

Answer 25

- meats, butter, and dairy products - clogs arteries - solid at room temp.

Question 26

what is an example of an unsaturated fat?

Answer 26

- vegetable oils - liquid at room temp LDL is broken down and removed from the body

Question 27

what are a majority of the lipids in the body?

Answer 27

triglycerides

Question 28

how are triglycerides formed?

Answer 28

by bonding of glycerol, a 3 carbon sugar-alcohol, to 3 fatty acids

Question 29

what are steroids made of?

Answer 29

lipids

Question 30

what is a unique feature of steroids?

Answer 30

4 fused hydrocarbon rings, hydrophobic

Question 31

what are some examples of steroids?

Answer 31

cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone, testosterone

Question 32

how are proteins linked?

Answer 32

by covalent bonds called peptide bonds

Question 33

what is the monomer subunit of proteins?

Answer 33

amino acids -> peptide -> protein

Question 34

what are the essential amino acids?

Answer 34

threonine, histidine, tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine, valine, leucine, isoleucine

Question 35

can essential amino acids be synthesized in the body?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

what is a polypeptide?

Answer 36

a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 37

what is the primary protein structure?

Answer 37

a single chain (straight line)

Question 38

what is the secondary protein structure?

Answer 38

isolated beta and alpha chain

Question 39

what is the tertiary protein structure?

Answer 39

intertwined beta and alpha chain

Question 40

what is the responsibility of nucleic acids?

Answer 40

the storage, expression, and transmission of genetic info.

Question 41

what are nucleic acids made of?

Answer 41

nucleotides

Question 42

Is RNA a single or double chain of nucleotides?

Answer 42

single

Question 43

9 essential amino acids

Answer 43

Threonine Histidine Tryptophan Methionine Phenylalanine Lysine Valine Leucine Isoleucine