Ch. 9 (Health Screening) Flashcards
What level of prevention is health screening?
level 2 of prevention
What should health screening be and who is it targeted towards?
- simple
- inexpensive
- targeted towards high risk group
What are some important factors to note with health screening?
- not diagnostic
- not always accurate
Where would a one-on-one health screening be done?
clinic setting
Where would a population-based level of health screening be done?
- health fairs
- schools
What are the primary goals of health screening?
- detect risk factors/identify populations at risk
- prevent or treat a condition
- deter progression
What is defined as accuracy or truthfulness of the test or instument which helps distinguishes between diseased and non-diseased states?
validity
What is defined as how likely you are to get the same results over and over again, from person-to-person, location-to-location, time-to-time?
reliability
What is defined as the proportion of people with a condition who correctly test positive?
sensitivity
What is defined the proportion of people without a condition who correctly test negative?
specificity
If a test has a poor sensitivity, there will be a lot of what?
false negatives
the test is neg. but the pt has the disease
If a test has a poor specificity, there will be a lot of what?
false positives
the test is positive, but the pt does not have the disease
How does age impact risk in relation to health screenings?
older you are the higher your risk
How does gender impact risk in relation to health screenings?
- pap smears
- testicular vs breast cancer
- osteoporosis (more common in women)
- triple A (more common in men)
How does ethnic group impact risk in relation to health screenings?
- hypertension, sickle cell, prostate issues - african americans
- diabetes - hispanics
How does education/income level impact risk in relation to health screenings?
decrease income linked to increase risk of diabetes & disease
What is defined as a study of the distribution and determinants of states of health?
epidemology
What is defined as the number of new cases in a population?
incidence
What is defined as the number of existing cases in a population?
prevalence
What is defined as the disease state or disability rate (the rate of individuals with a specific disease)?
morbidity
What is defined as the death rate of a specific disease?
mortality
What are disadvantages to screenings?
- sensitivity (false negatives)
- specificity (false positives)
- guidelines are constantly changing
- costly
- stigma
Who recommends the screening criteria?
- evidence
- the big groups dedicated to screening
- U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (GOLD STANDARD)
What is the most common cancer among American Women?
breast cancer
