Ch. 18 (Toddlers) Flashcards
What is the defined age range for toddlers?
18 months - 3 years
What is the growth pattern for toddlers?
- growth rate slows
- baby fat sheds
- lumbar lordosis w/big belly
- flat feet (due to extra padding)
- 2-4 in per year & 4-6 lbs
- age 2: 50% of final adult height
What growth rate organization guidelines do we follow for people aged 2-20 years old?
CDC
When does the anterior fontanel close in toddlers?
18 months
What is the elimination pattern for toddlers?
- urinate less freq (than infants), control issues
- potty training (usually bowel then urine)
When does bladder control occur in toddlerhood?
18-24 months
What do the respiratory rate patterns look like in toddlers?
- 25-30 bpm (decreases overtime)
lung capacity increases
How will toddlers breath when experiencing any type of respiratory illness (especially if the nares are not patent)?
mouth breathing
diameter of track is small
What do the heart rate patterns look like in toddlers?
80-120 bpm
decreases overtime
When does blood pressure screening start (age)?
3 years old (continues annually)
90/56 (usually)
What is happening with a toddler’s immune system?
- passive immunity (from mom) disappears
- matures w/ongoing exposures
- food allergies start to show (nuts, eggs, gluten, milk, fish, soy) - GI distress (vomiting & diarrhea), hives, itching, swelling
vaccines halt at 18 mon until 4yrs old
When do all 20 primary teeth erupt?
end of toddlerhood
dental care is really important -bedtime bottle = water only
What are a toddler’s nutritional needs?
- iron (w/transition of cow’s milk - decrease appetite)
- fruit juice should be limited (only one per day)
- DECREASED appetite due to slowed growth rate
CHOKING is a concern (grapes, popcorn, hotdogs, nuts, raw carrots)
What are common problems for vision in adults?
- strabismus (cross-eyed) - deviation in line of vision (extraocular muscles are weak)
- amblyopia - untreated strabismus, diminished/loss of vision
patch usually given to treat strabismus (put on good eye)
What are the growing characteristics for toddlers with taste and smell?
- develops food aversions
- associate taste w/smell
What are the normal developmental milestones with toddlers?
- becoming autonomous (Erikson)
- temper tantrums
- busy & exploring (risk of poison, falls)
- no screentime less than 18 months, no more than 1 hr & parental advisory
What is the major role of the nurse during toddlerhood?
provide guidance to parents about environmental hazards, dealing w/tantrums, assisting w/toilet training
What do you tell the parents to do when their toddler is having a tantrum?
ignore the toddler
Why do toddlers all of a sudden have tons of tantrums?
Erikson - autonomy development
communication barriers
What developmenting characteristics are defining features that tell parents that the toddler can start potty training them?
- walk
- squat
- recognize signals
- keep dry for 2 hours!!
How many hours of sleep do toddlers need?
12 hours, 1-2 naps
What is really important for developing healthy sleep-rest patterns in toddlers?
bedtime rituals
When do night terrors develop?
toddlerhood
What to do when toddlers have night terrors?
- avoid touching them
- speak softly
- do not try to wake them up - they will eventually fall back to sleep
toddlers will not remember this occurring
