Ch. 21, 22, 23 (Adolescence, Young Adult, Middle-Adulthood) Flashcards
For Exam 3 (130 cards)
1
Q
When would no pubertal change (age) be a concern in girls and boys?
A
- girls: 13
- boys: 14
2
Q
When does scoliosis screening start for girls and boys?
A
- girls: 10, 12
- boys: 13, 14
3
Q
What would impact health seeking behavior in adolescence?
A
- access
- money/finance
- attitude/sense of invincibility
4
Q
How much calories should females intake for nutrition during adolescence?
A
1600-1800 calories
5
Q
How much calories should males intake for nutrition during adolescence?
A
1800-3200 calories
6
Q
How much sleep should adolescence be getting a night and why would they be at risk for sleep deprivation?
A
- 9 hrs/night
- due to busy lifestyle
7
Q
What is the treatment goals for eating disorders with adolescences?
A
- individual wellness plans
- reassurance of teen’s bodies
8
Q
What are the strongest predictors for binge eating disorder?
A
- depression
- genetics
9
Q
What are the complications of teen pregnancy for the teen parent?
A
- decline in future prospects (halt in education)
- increase risked of becoming a single parent & poor
- high risk pregnancy
10
Q
What are the complications of teen pregnancy for the infant delivered?
A
- decreased birth weight: increasing infant mortality
- cerebral palys
- developmental/cognitive delays
- increased risk for abuse/shaken baby syndrome
11
Q
What is the number one intervention encouraged to a teen parent after delivery?
A
encouragement to go back to school (decreasing risk of being/continuing poverty)
12
Q
What are important health considerations/complications for piercings and tattoos in adolescence?
A
- infection
- keloids
- bleeding
- blood borne: Hep C or HIV
13
Q
What is the number one/leading cause of death in adolescence?
A
unintentional injury
14
Q
What percentage of unintentional injuries in adolescences are caused by MVAs (motor vehicle accidents)?
A
66%
15
Q
What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?
A
- sore throat
- lymph node enlargement
- lethargy
- enlarged organs (liver & spleen)
16
Q
What are the symptoms of bacterial meningitis?
A
- headache
- fever
- neck pain
- photophobia (sensitive to bright noise/light)
- rash
17
Q
What are protective factors against sexual infections in adolescence?
A
- increased self-efficacy
- healthy/good relationships (w/parent & school)
- parental monitoring
- sexual knowledge
18
Q
What are causal/influential factors for contracting a sexual infection in adolescence?
A
- decreased self esteem
- peer pressure
- depression
- sense of invincibility
19
Q
What is the age range for adolescence?
A
10-18
20
Q
What is the age range for young adults?
A
18-35
21
Q
What Erikson stage are young adults in?
A
Intimacy vs Isolation
22
Q
What Erikson stage are adolescences in?
A
Identity vs Role Confusion
23
Q
Men are what percentage more likely than women to be hospitalized for long term complications of diabetes?
A
32%
24
Q
Men are how much more likely than women to have an amputation due to complciations of diabetes?
A
2x
25
When do women reach physical maturity/full growth?
17
26
When do men reach physical maturity/full growth?
21
27
What makes up the 2-prong approach when it comes to health promotion/prevention?
1. developing healthy lifestyles/nutrition
2. decrease incidence of accidents/injuries/violence
28
When do full health appraisals/evaluations begin and for how often?
* 18 yrs old
* every 2 yrs
29
What immunizations are given during young adulthood?
* DTap
* Hep B
* Annual flu
| theres more but this is just what we have to know
30
How much folic acid (mg) should young adult females be intaking every day?
0.4 mg/day
31
What are some sources of folic acid?
* green leafy veggies
* orange juice
* fortified cereal
* multivitamins
32
How much calcium (mg) should young adult females be intaking every day?
1000-1500 mg/day
33
How much vitamin D (iu) should young adult females be intaking every day?
400-600 iu/day
34
What is the calculation for optimum heart rate?
MHR x 0.75
35
What is the calculation for maximum heart rate (MHR)?
220 - age
36
What are the top 3 chronic diseases faced in young adulthood?
* asthma
* arthritis
* hypertension
37
What syndrome focuses on cardiovascular risk factors associated with being overweight or obese?
metabolic syndrome
38
What is the most prominent sign for determining metabolic syndrome?
central/waist centered obesity
39
What is the BMI range for being overweight?
25 - 29.9
40
What is the BMI range for being obese?
30+
41
What is the number one/leading cause of death in young adulthood?
unintentional/accidental injuries & sports
42
What is the number one/leading cause of unintentional deaths in young adulthood?
fentanyl overdose
43
When in young adulthood, should trouble getting pregnant prompt concern (possible sign of infertility)?
they've tried for **1 year** to get pregnant after the age of **25** and still have trouble
44
How many pregnancies in young adulthood are unintended?
1/2 or half of all pregnancies
45
What are the complications/increased risks faced for young adults who have/had an unintended pregnancy?
* delayed prenatal care
* depression
* relationship problems
46
What are the symptoms of HPV?
* warts
* cauliflower like bumps
47
HPV increases the risk for what kinds of cancers?
* rectal
* cervical (main one)
* throat
48
What is important to note in relation to symptoms of gonorrhea/chlamydia?
delay in presence of symptoms early-on for women
49
What disease are patients who have/had gonorrhea/chlamydia at increased risk for?
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
50
What are the symptoms of trichomonas?
* vaginal discharge
* terrible odor
51
What are the symptoms of herpes?
* outbreaks that come & go
* painful vesicular lesions
52
What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?
* fishy odor
53
What STI is seen commonly in women who douche?
bacterial vaginosis
54
what are the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection?
* clumpy discharge
* bad vaginal itch
55
What populations are at an increased risk for vaginal yeast infections?
* diabetics
* HIV
* consistent antibiotics
56
What is the number one/leading cause of death of preventable death in young adulthood?
substance abuse
57
What has a synergistic effect with tobacco use?
* asbestos
* dust
* radiation exposures
58
What is the age range for middle adulthood?
35-65 yrs old
59
What Erikson stage are middle adults in?
Generativity vs Stagnation
60
What was the first study to determine exposures that lead to heart disease?
Framingham Heart Study (1948)
61
Besides the fact that it was the first study to determine exposures that lead to heart disease, why else was the Framingham Heart Study so significant?
first heart study to consider psychosocial factors
62
What causes loss of height in middle adulthood?
* kyphosis (humpback)
* degenerative disk disease
* rheumatooid arthritis
| directly affects BMI (increases it)
63
What is defined as a decrease in estrogen production causing an absence in a menstrual cycle for 1 whole year?
menopause
64
What are treatments for menopause?
* altering amount of layers of clothing worn
* increase in caffeine, spicy, and soy foods
* increase in flax seeds
* vigorous physical activity/exercise
* estrogen therapy (only in severe cases)
65
What does treatment look like for menopausal women on estrogen therapy?
* lowest dose possible
* given for shortest period possible
66
What disease is caused by lack of flossing/brushing of teeth resulting in red/swollen, bleeding gums?
gingivitis
67
Gingivitis can progress into what disease?
periodontitis
68
What disease is caused by a progression in gingivitis leading to permanent teeth loss?
periodontitis
69
Consistent constipation can increase the risk of getting what type of cancer?
colon cancer
70
What kind of middle adults are more at risk at becoming incontinent?
* multiple vaginal deliveries
* overweight
* prostate cancer/radiation treatment
71
What disease is caused by damage to the optic nerve resulting in lack of peripheral vision, visual sensitivity and an increase in intraocular pressure?
glaucoma
72
What population is 3x more at risk at developing glaucoma?
African Americans
73
What disease is the leading cause of blindness in middle adulthood?
glaucoma
74
What disease causes the retinal lens to become cloudy?
cataracts
75
What disease is the leading case of vision loss in middle adulthood?
cataracts
76
What are the complications of caffeine? Are there any possible protective effects from caffeine?
1. controversial/not clear
2. possible protective effect against liver disease/cancer
77
Until what age/event should birth control use be advocated for?
until menopause (in middle adulthood)
78
What population is at an increased risk for erectile dysfunction in middle adulthood?
* vascular disease
* diabetics
79
What population in middle adulthood is more suspectible for STIs?
postmenopausal women
80
When does medical clearance for exercise become important (what age group)?
middle adulthod (35-65 yrs old)
81
How frequent should kegel exercises be done?
3x/day, 3 sets of 10 reps
82
How does sleep change in middle adulthood?
decrease time in deep sleep and overall sleep
83
When does sleep apnea start to appear (what age group)?
middle adulthood (35-65 yrs old)
84
What population is more at risk for developing sleep apnea?
obese pts
85
What are the primary hormones in middle adulthood?
* cortisol
* epinephrine
* norepinephrine
86
What theory describes the increased stress from the addition or deletion of a family member?
family developmental theory
87
What describes adult children leaving home and the hit of realization faced by couples who are by themselves again?
empty nest syndrome
| increases risk for divorce in middle adulthood
88
What guidance can be provided when caring for aging parents?
discussing possible issues/death when caring for aging parents before crisis/death occurs
89
What is the number one/leading cause of death in middle adulthood?
heart disease & cancer/malignancies
| accidental injuries and sports have gone down
90
Married women are generally happier in middle adulthood and have fewer what?
* fewer strokes & heart attacks
* decreased depression
91
Black, Latinos and Hispanic Americans are more at risk for developing what?
* cancer
* heart disease
* diabetes
* HIV
92
What population in middle adulthood is more likely to be uninsured?
hispanics
93
What is the number one/leading cause of death in Black middle adult Americans?
cancer
94
What disease serves as a warning sign for osteoporosis?
osteopenia
95
What is the main complication from osteopenia/osteoporosis that often leads to death?
hip fractures (due secondary sx: pneumonia, blood clots)
96
What population has an increased risk for developing arthritis?
obese pts
97
What are the characteristics of osteoarthritis?
* unilateral
* worst at night
98
What are the characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis?
* bilateral
* worst in the morning
99
How much pounds drastically decrease pain in osteoarthritis?
every 10lbs lost
100
What does exercise do for the treatment in osteoarthritis?
* weight management
* replenishes lubrication in joints
101
Are men or women more suspectible for health complications/damage from consistent alcoholic usage?
women
102
Why are women more suspectible for health complications/damage from consistent alcoholic usage?
* decreased fluids
* decreased weight
* lack of/decrease in alcohol degenerase (enzyme that breaks down alcohol)
103
How many alcoholic drinks per day for women is classified as moderate drinking?
< 1 drink/day
104
How many alcoholic drinks per day for men is classified as moderate drinking?
< 2 drinks/day
105
What are the screening tools used for alcohol abuse?
* AUDIT
* CAGE
* CRAFFT
106
What are the screening tools used for smoking?
5 A's
107
What are the screening tools used for detecting depression?
* PHQ-2 (usually given before PHQ-9)
* PHQ-9
108
What are the screening tools used for detecting generalized anxiety disorder?
GAD-7
109
How many inches per month do newborns grow?
1 inch/month
110
How much does weight increase by 6 months for infants?
doubles (2x)
111
How much does weight increase by 12 months/1 year for infants?
triples (3x)
112
How much does an infants length increase by 12 months/1 year?
50% increase
113
How many ounces are in 1 pound?
16 oz = 1lb
114
What are positive strategies parents with adolescences can implement into their parenting practice?
* humor & listening
* negotiation of limits
* affection & acceptance
| important for preventing role confusion
115
Adolescence begins with the experience of what?
puberty
116
What possible causal/risk factors for increased sexual activity in adolescence?
* wanting affection/bad family background
* peer pressure
* experimentation
* social media usage
117
When is optimal muscle strength usually achieved?
25 - 35 yrs old
118
What are the exercise recommendations for young adulthood?
moderate aerobic exercise for 30 minutes, 5x/week
119
When should sunscreen be applied?
* 15-30 minutes before exposure
* reapplied after exercises & swimming
120
What is the treatment for HPV?
acid, over the counter cream
| viral
121
What is the treatment for gonorrhea/chlamydia?
antibiotics
| bacterial
122
What is the treatment for trichomonas?
antibiotics
| bacterial
123
What is the treatment for Herpes?
anti-viral medications (no cure)
| viral
124
What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
antibiotics
| bacterial
125
What is the treatment for vaginal yeast infections?
antifungal
| fungal
126
What are signs and symptoms of menopause?
* hot flashes
* vaginal dryness
* reproductive organs shrink
127
What are exercise recommendations for middle adulthood?
* 30 minutes/day, 5-7 days/week
* continuous, rhythmic exercises
128
What is the percentage of your maximum heart rate that helps guide how hard you should be working during exercise?
target heart rate
129
What is the ideal heart rate within your target zone where you body get maximum benefit with minimal risk?
optimum heart rate
| MHR (220 - age) x 0.75
130
What is the highest number of beats per minute (bpm) your heart can safely reach during intense physical activity?
maximum heart rate
| 220 - age
