Ch. 19 (Preschool Child) Flashcards
What is the age range for preschool children?
3-6yrs old
lumbar lordosis goes away
How many pounds can a preschool child gain per year?
2 kg (4lbs)
How many cm/in can a preschool child grow per year?
7 cm (2in)
What are the characteristics of kidneys/GI in preschool children?
- reached full maturity
- gained voluntary control
What are the characteristics of heart/lungs in preschool children?
increased capacity
What are the characteristics of ears in preschool children?
- change in shape (eustachian tube)
- less otitis media
What are the characteristics of tonsils/adenoids in preschool children?
still large
What are the characteristics of immune in preschool children?
boosted immune response
What are the characteristics of musculoskeletal/neuro in preschool children?
advancement in fine/gross motor skills
better coordination, learning how to use silverware
What are the characteristics of dental in preschool children?
- first set of teeth finish erupting
- year earlier in girls
- start flossing
- may need fluoride supplements
What are the characteristics of heart and lung vital signs in preschool children?
- decrease in RR (22-30)
- decrease of BP (100/60)
- decrease in HR (80-120)
By what age will vision reach its high point (20/20)?
6 years old
What are the milestones of 3 years old?
- opens door
- kicks ball, runs, jumps
- knows own name, gender, age
- describes action in pictures
- able to put on some clothing & shoes
- eats w/o assistance
What are the milestones of 4 years old?
- climbs ladder
- throws ball overhand
- holds pencil
- asks why, when, how, and the meaning of words
- washes & dries hands
- brush teeth w/o assistance
- draws a person w/2-3 parts
- ride bikes w/training wheels
What are the milestones of 5 years old?
- names four/five colors
- can cut & paste
- knows address & telephone number
- prints some letters
- draws a person w/head, body, arms, & legs
- engages in make believe, dress-up, role playing
What are the milestones of 6 years old?
- bounces ball 4-6 times
- can skate & ride bike w/o training wheels
- ties shoelaces
- understands right from left
- draws person w/6 body parts w/clothing
What are the characteristics of nutrition in preschool children?
- lactose intolerance & allergens (nuts, soy, gluten, fish) starts to show
- intense food preferences emerge
- often refuses to try new foods
- important to provide nutritional food choices (iron deficient anemia, calcium)
What kind of population is more likely to experience lactose intolerance?
- african americans
- asian americans
- native americans
What is the leading cause of death in preschool children?
accidental injury
What are the characteristics of sleep in preschool children?
- 8-12 hrs/night
- naps are not needed anymore
- pro-long bedtime routines (due to resistance)
- may become resistant to bedtime routine
- nightmares, sleep walking can continue
- night terrors become more intense
What are the characteristics of vision in preschool children?
- depth & color vision becomes fully established
- color blindness becomes more obvious
- start using snellen screening & ishiharas test (color blindness)
What are the characteristics of hearing in preschool children?
- develops to level of adult
- be hindered from otitis media
- language delay -> consider hearing test
- starting hearing tests
What are the characteristics of language in preschool children?
- expressive language that of an adult (coherence in expressing ideas)
- develops receptive language (language that retains info)
- mimic adult speech
What are some immunizations/boosters that occur during preschool child?
- DTaP (4yrs)
- MMR (4-6yrs)
- Varicella
