Ch 9. Gardner and Winner Flashcards
Gardner’s Eight Frames of Mind
A theory that we all have, contained within us somewhere, intelligence for a span of things, just that some are stronger than others.
Verbal (Gardner)
The ability to think in words and use language to express meaning. Occupations: authors, journalists, speakers.
Mathematical (Gardner)
The ability to carry out mathematical operations. Occupations: scientists, engineers, accountants.
Spatial (Gardner)
The ability to think three-dimensionally. Occupations: architects, artists, sailors.
Body-Kinesthetic (Gardner)
The ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept. Occupations: surgeons, craftspeople, dancers, athletes.
Musical (Gardner)
A sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone. Occupations: composers and musicians.
Interpersonal (Gardner)
The ability to understand and interact effectively with others. Occupations: successful teachers, mental health professionals.
Intrapersonal (Gardner)
The ability to understand oneself. Occupations: theologians, psychologists.
Naturalist (Gardner)
The ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems. Occupations: farmers, botanists, ecologists, landscapers.
Culture-Fair Tests
Tests of intelligence that are designed to be free of cultural bias.
Intellectual Disability
A condition of limited mental ability in which the individual
(1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test,
(2) has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life, and
(3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 18.
Organic Intellectual Disability
A genetic disorder or condition involving brain damage that is linked to a low level of intellectual functioning.
Cultural-Familial Intellectual Disability
Condition in which there is no evidence of organic brain damage but the individual’s IQ generally is between 50 and 70.
Gifted
Having above-average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent for something.
Precocity (Winner)
Mastering an area earlier than their peers
March to their own Drummer (Winner)
Gifted children learn in a qualitatively different way from ordinary children.
Pasion to Master (Winner)
Displaying an intense, obsessive interest and an ability to focus.
Metalinguistic Awareness
Refers to knowledge about language, such as understanding what a preposition is or being able to discuss the sounds of a language.
Whole-Language Approach
An approach to reading instruction based on the idea that instruction should parallel children’s natural language learning. Reading materials should be whole and meaningful.
Phonics Approach
The idea that reading instruction should teach the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.
