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Medical Terminology > Ch 9 - Cardiovascular System (Cardiology) > Flashcards

Ch 9 - Cardiovascular System (Cardiology) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the heart is divided into how many chambers?

A

4

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2
Q

atira

A

(left and right) receiving rooms of the heart

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3
Q

ventricle

A

(left and right) sending rooms of the heart

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4
Q

septum

A

divides left and right sides of the heart, made of thick muscle

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5
Q

the left side of the heart does what?

A

handles oxygen-rich blood

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6
Q

the right side of the heart does what?

A

handles oxygen-poor blood

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7
Q

arti/o

A

atrium (upper chamber)

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8
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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9
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (lower chamber)

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10
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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11
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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12
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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13
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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14
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

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15
Q

aort/o

A

aorta (the main artery leaving the heart and distributing oxygen-rich blood)

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16
Q

angina pectoris

A

oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

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17
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat (no/rhythm/condition)

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18
Q

dysrhythmia*

A

irregular heartbeat (bad/rhythm/condition)
(*arrhythmia is more common)

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19
Q

palpitation

A

rapid or irregular beating of the heart (latin for “to flutter”)

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20
Q

pectoralgia

A

chest pain

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21
Q

systole

A

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries

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22
Q

what is the first number in a blood pressure reading?

A

systole (contraction phase of heart)

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23
Q

diastole

A

the relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are re-filling with blood

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24
Q

what is the second number in a blood pressure reading

A

diastole (the relaxed phase)

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25
Q

what is the most common cause of high blood pressure?

A

deposits in blood vessels - require more pressure to push blood through

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26
Q

endocardium

A

tissue lining inside of the heart (inside/heart/tissue)

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27
Q

epicardium

A

tissue lining outside of the heart (upon/heart/tissue)

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28
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle tissue (muscle/heart/tissue)

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29
Q

pericardium

A

tissue around the heart (around/heart/tissue)

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30
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart beat (slow/heart/condition)

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31
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart (heart/enlargement)

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32
Q

cyanosis

A

blueish appearance to skin - caused when not getting enough oxygen (blue/condition)

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33
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound

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34
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heartbeat (fast/heart/condition)

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35
Q

vena cava

A

large diameter vein that gathers blood to lead back to the heart (vein hollow)

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36
Q

inferior vena cava

A

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from lower part of the body (lower vein hollow)

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37
Q

superior vena cava

A

portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from upper part of the body - head and arms (upper vein hollow)

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38
Q

angiogenesis

A

development of blood vessels (vessel/creation)

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39
Q

angiolith

A

stone forming in the wall of a vessel (vessel/stone)

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40
Q

angiopoiesis

A

formation of blood vessels (vessel/formation)

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41
Q

angiosclerosis

A

hardening of a blood vessel (vessel/hard/condition)

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42
Q

aortectasia

A

dilation of the aorta (aorta/dilation)

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43
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aorta (aorta/pertaining to narrow/condition)

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44
Q

arteriolith

A

stone in the artery (artery/stone)

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45
Q

aortolith

A

stone deposit in the wall of the aorta (aorta/stone)

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46
Q

ateriorrhexis

A

rupture of an artery (artery rupture)

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47
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of an artery (artery/hard/condition)

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48
Q

atherogenesis

A

hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty tissue (fatty plaque/hard/condition)

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49
Q

embolus

A

mass of (foreign) matter in blood in motion (in/throw)

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50
Q

embolism

A

blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus (embolus/condition)

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51
Q

ischemia

A

blockage of blood flow in an organ (hold back/blood condition)

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52
Q

occlusion

A

closing or blocking of a passage (latin for “to close off”)

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53
Q

phlebosclerosis

A

hardening of a vein (vein/hard/condition)

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54
Q

thrombus

A

stationary blood clot (greek for “lump” or even “milk curd”)

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55
Q

what is the difference between an thrombus and embolism

A

thrombus: stationary, made of blood
embolism: in motion, foreign material

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56
Q

thromboembolus

A

when a thrombus breaks off

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57
Q

varicose veins

A

large, dilated veins on surface of skin

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58
Q

vasospasm

A

involunary spasm of blood vessel

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59
Q

arteries, veins, and capillaries are all…?

A

blood vessels

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60
Q

what is the difference between arteries, veins, and capillaries?

A

arteries: carry oxygenated blood, away from heart
veins: carry de-oxygenated blood, towards the heart
capillaries: transport between arteries and veins

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61
Q

venosclerosis

A

hardening of a vein (vein/hard/condition)

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62
Q

venospasm

A

involuntary contraction of a vein (vein/spasm)

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63
Q

venostasis

A

trapping of blood in extremity due to compression (vein/standing)

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64
Q

angiogram

A

record of the blood vessels (vessel/record)

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65
Q

angiography

A

procedure to describe the blood vessels (vessel/writing procedure)

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66
Q

aortogram

A

record of the aorta (aorta/record)

67
Q

arteriogram

A

record of an artery (artery/record)

68
Q

venogram

A

record of a vein (vein/record)

69
Q

angioscope

A

device for looking in a blood vessel (vessel/device for looking)

70
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

inserting a catheter into the heart (heart/pertaining to catheter/procedure)

71
Q

echocardiogram

A

image of the heart using sound waves (echo/heart/record)

72
Q

echocardiography

A

use of soundwaves to produce an image of the heart (echo/heart/writing/procedure)

73
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of electrical currents of the heart (electricity/heart/record)

74
Q

electrocardiography

A

procedure for recording electrical currents of the heart (electricity/heart/writing/procedure)

75
Q

sonography

A

(ultrasound) use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images (sound/writing procedure)

76
Q

stress electrocardiogram

A

records electronic signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases in exercise stress (stress electricity/heart/record)

77
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram

A

record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus (through/esophagus/pertaining to echo/heart/record)

78
Q

vascular endoscopy

A

procedure to look inside a blood vessel (vessel/pertaining to inside/looking procedure)

79
Q

cardiologst

A

(heart/specialist)

80
Q

cardiology

A

(heart/study)

81
Q

cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels (heart/vessel/pertaining to)

82
Q

cardiac insufficiency

A

heart ceasing to function properly

83
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle (muscle/heart/inflammation)

84
Q

angiocarditis

A

inflammation of heart vessels (vessel/heart/inflammation)

85
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in heart’s atrium (atrium/pertaining to little fibers/process)

86
Q

atrial septal defect (ASD)

A

flaw in the septum that divides the atria of the heart (atria pertaining to septum/pertaining to bad/made)

87
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of functional circulation (heart/pertaining to stop)

88
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle - muscle fibers of heart not working as well as they need to (heart/muscle/disease)

89
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy

A

cardiac muscle that is too weak - unable to pump blood out of itself (congestive) and it becomes stretched (dilated,) causing weak/slow pumping of blood (together/bring heart/muscle disease)

90
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy*

A

(*another term for cardiomyopathy) cardiac muscle that is too floppy (expanded heart/muscle disease)

91
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

cardiac muscle that is too thick and blocks flow - can cause sudden death when playing sports (over/developed/pertaining to heart/muscle disease)

92
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

cardiac muscle that is too tight, the heart muscle hardens, restricting the flow of blood (back/tied/pertaining to heart/muscle disease)

93
Q

carditis

A

inflammation of the heart (heart/inflammation)

94
Q

congenital heart defect

A

defect in the heart present at birth (together/birth/pertaining to/heart/bad/made)

95
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart failure categorized by the heart being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) (together/bring/pertaining to)

96
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

obstruction of coronary artery by clot (heart/pertaining to clot/condition)

97
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of tissue lining inside the heart (inside/card/inflammation)

98
Q

myocardial infraction (MI)

A

death of heart muscle tissue (muscle/heart/pertaining to in/stuff/condition)

99
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

blockage of blood to heart tissue (muscle/heart/pertaining to hold black/blood condition)

100
Q

pericardial effusion

A

fluid pouring out to tissue around the heart (around/heart/pertaining to out/pour)

101
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of tissue around the heart (around/heart/condition)

102
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of heart valve (valve inflammation)

103
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

flaw in septum that divides to ventricles in the heart (ventricle/pertaining to septum/pertaining to bad/made)

104
Q

aneurysm

A

bulge in a blood vessel (up/wide/condition)

105
Q

angiodema

A

swelling of blood vessels (vessel/swelling)

106
Q

angioma

A

blood vessel tumor (vessel/tumor)

107
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

bulging or swelling of the aorta (aorta/pertaining to up/wide/condition)

108
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

flow of blood backwards from aorta, into the heart - caused by a weak heart valve (aorta/pertaining to back/bubble/condition)

109
Q

aoritis

A

inflammation of the aorta (aorta/inflammation)

110
Q

arteriopathy

A

disease of the arteries (artery/disease)

111
Q

cardiomyotomy

A

incision into the heart muscle (heart/muscle/incision)

112
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates blood during a portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped (heart/lung/pertaining to)

113
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

basic life support (heart/lung/pertaining to to again/stir up/procedure)

114
Q

cardiothoracic surgery

A

surgery that involves cutting through the chest to the heart (heart/chest/pertaining to surgery)

115
Q

cardioversion

A

returning to a normal rhythm (heart/turn/procedure)

116
Q

coronary arterectomy

A

surgical removal of coronary artery (heart/pertaining to artery/removal)

117
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

borrowed piece of of blood vessel to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

118
Q

coronary artery bypass surgery

A

surgery to bypass the blocked artery in the heart

119
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

alternate treatment to a coronary artery that passes instruments up to a patients blood vessels to the heart (through/skin/pertaining to heart/pertaining to)

120
Q

pericardiocentesis

A

puncture of tissue around the heart (around/heart/puncture)

121
Q

pericardiotomy

A

incision into tissue around the heart (around/heart/incision)

122
Q

valvectomy

A

surgical removal of heart valve (valve/removal)

123
Q

valvotomy

A

incision into heart valve (valve/incision)

124
Q

valvuloplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of heart valve (valve/reconstruction)

125
Q

ventriculotomy

A

incision into a ventricle (ventricle/incision)

126
Q

anastomosis

A

creation of opening between 2 separate surfaces (up/mouth/condition)

127
Q

aneurysmectomy

A

surgical removal of an aneurysm (up/wide/condition/removal)

128
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a vessel (vessel/reconstruction)

129
Q

angiorrhaphy

A

suture of a vessel (vessel/suture)

130
Q

aortorrhaphy

A

suture of the aorta (aorta/suture)

131
Q

aortotomy

A

incision into the aorta (aorta/incision)

132
Q

arterioectomy

A

surgical removal of the artery (artery/removal)

133
Q

arterioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the artery (artery/reconstruction)

134
Q

arteriorrhaphy

A

suture of artery (artery/suture)

135
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of fatty plaque in artery (fatty plaque/removal)

136
Q

embolectomy

A

surgical removal of embolus (embolus/removal)

137
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the inside of an artery (inside/artery/removal)

138
Q

phlebectomy

A

surgical removal of a vein (vein/removal)

139
Q

phlebophlebostomy

A

procedure to create opening between two veins (vein/vein/opening)

140
Q

varicectomy

A

surgical removal of varicose vein (swollen/incision)

141
Q

venectomy

A

surgical removal of vein (vein/removal)

142
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

143
Q

A-fib

A

atrial fibrillation

144
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

145
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

146
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass surgery

147
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

148
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

149
Q

CO

A

cardiac output

150
Q

CTA

A

computed tomographic angiography

151
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

152
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

153
Q

EKG

A

electocardiogram

154
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

155
Q

MI

A

myocardial infraction

156
Q

MRA

A

magnetic resonance angiography–also called a magnetic resonance angiogram

157
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

158
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

159
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

160
Q

SCA

A

sudden cardiac arrest

161
Q

SV

A

stroke volume

162
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiogram

163
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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