Ch 9 - Cardiovascular System (Cardiology) Flashcards
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1
Q
the heart is divided into how many chambers?
A
4
2
Q
atira
A
(left and right) receiving rooms of the heart
3
Q
ventricle
A
(left and right) sending rooms of the heart
4
Q
septum
A
divides left and right sides of the heart, made of thick muscle
5
Q
the left side of the heart does what?
A
handles oxygen-rich blood
6
Q
the right side of the heart does what?
A
handles oxygen-poor blood
7
Q
arti/o
A
atrium (upper chamber)
8
Q
sept/o
A
septum
9
Q
ventricul/o
A
ventricle (lower chamber)
10
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
11
Q
coron/o
A
heart
12
Q
angi/o
A
vessel
13
Q
vas/o
A
vessel
14
Q
vascul/o
A
vessel
15
Q
aort/o
A
aorta (the main artery leaving the heart and distributing oxygen-rich blood)
16
Q
angina pectoris
A
oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart
17
Q
arrhythmia
A
irregular heartbeat (no/rhythm/condition)
18
Q
dysrhythmia*
A
irregular heartbeat (bad/rhythm/condition)
(*arrhythmia is more common)
19
Q
palpitation
A
rapid or irregular beating of the heart (latin for “to flutter”)
20
Q
pectoralgia
A
chest pain
21
Q
systole
A
the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries
22
Q
what is the first number in a blood pressure reading?
A
systole (contraction phase of heart)
23
Q
diastole
A
the relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are re-filling with blood
24
Q
what is the second number in a blood pressure reading
A
diastole (the relaxed phase)
25
what is the most common cause of high blood pressure?
deposits in blood vessels - require more pressure to push blood through
26
endocardium
tissue lining inside of the heart (inside/heart/tissue)
27
epicardium
tissue lining outside of the heart (upon/heart/tissue)
28
myocardium
heart muscle tissue (muscle/heart/tissue)
29
pericardium
tissue around the heart (around/heart/tissue)
30
bradycardia
slow heart beat (slow/heart/condition)
31
cardiomegaly
enlarged heart (heart/enlargement)
32
cyanosis
blueish appearance to skin - caused when not getting enough oxygen (blue/condition)
33
murmur
abnormal heart sound
34
tachycardia
rapid heartbeat (fast/heart/condition)
35
vena cava
large diameter vein that gathers blood to lead back to the heart (vein hollow)
36
inferior vena cava
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from lower part of the body (lower vein hollow)
37
superior vena cava
portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from upper part of the body - head and arms (upper vein hollow)
38
angiogenesis
development of blood vessels (vessel/creation)
39
angiolith
stone forming in the wall of a vessel (vessel/stone)
40
angiopoiesis
formation of blood vessels (vessel/formation)
41
angiosclerosis
hardening of a blood vessel (vessel/hard/condition)
42
aortectasia
dilation of the aorta (aorta/dilation)
43
aortic stenosis
narrowing of the aorta (aorta/pertaining to narrow/condition)
44
arteriolith
stone in the artery (artery/stone)
45
aortolith
stone deposit in the wall of the aorta (aorta/stone)
46
ateriorrhexis
rupture of an artery (artery rupture)
47
arteriosclerosis
hardening of an artery (artery/hard/condition)
48
atherogenesis
hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty tissue (fatty plaque/hard/condition)
49
embolus
mass of (foreign) matter in blood in motion (in/throw)
50
embolism
blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus (embolus/condition)
51
ischemia
blockage of blood flow in an organ (hold back/blood condition)
52
occlusion
closing or blocking of a passage (latin for "to close off")
53
phlebosclerosis
hardening of a vein (vein/hard/condition)
54
thrombus
stationary blood clot (greek for "lump" or even "milk curd")
55
what is the difference between an thrombus and embolism
thrombus: stationary, made of blood
embolism: in motion, foreign material
56
thromboembolus
when a thrombus breaks off
57
varicose veins
large, dilated veins on surface of skin
58
vasospasm
involunary spasm of blood vessel
59
arteries, veins, and capillaries are all...?
blood vessels
60
what is the difference between arteries, veins, and capillaries?
arteries: carry oxygenated blood, away from heart
veins: carry de-oxygenated blood, towards the heart
capillaries: transport between arteries and veins
61
venosclerosis
hardening of a vein (vein/hard/condition)
62
venospasm
involuntary contraction of a vein (vein/spasm)
63
venostasis
trapping of blood in extremity due to compression (vein/standing)
64
angiogram
record of the blood vessels (vessel/record)
65
angiography
procedure to describe the blood vessels (vessel/writing procedure)
66
aortogram
record of the aorta (aorta/record)
67
arteriogram
record of an artery (artery/record)
68
venogram
record of a vein (vein/record)
69
angioscope
device for looking in a blood vessel (vessel/device for looking)
70
cardiac catheterization
inserting a catheter into the heart (heart/pertaining to catheter/procedure)
71
echocardiogram
image of the heart using sound waves (echo/heart/record)
72
echocardiography
use of soundwaves to produce an image of the heart (echo/heart/writing/procedure)
73
electrocardiogram
record of electrical currents of the heart (electricity/heart/record)
74
electrocardiography
procedure for recording electrical currents of the heart (electricity/heart/writing/procedure)
75
sonography
(ultrasound) use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images (sound/writing procedure)
76
stress electrocardiogram
records electronic signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases in exercise stress (stress electricity/heart/record)
77
transesophageal echocardiogram
record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus (through/esophagus/pertaining to echo/heart/record)
78
vascular endoscopy
procedure to look inside a blood vessel (vessel/pertaining to inside/looking procedure)
79
cardiologst
(heart/specialist)
80
cardiology
(heart/study)
81
cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels (heart/vessel/pertaining to)
82
cardiac insufficiency
heart ceasing to function properly
83
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle (muscle/heart/inflammation)
84
angiocarditis
inflammation of heart vessels (vessel/heart/inflammation)
85
atrial fibrillation
quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in heart's atrium (atrium/pertaining to little fibers/process)
86
atrial septal defect (ASD)
flaw in the septum that divides the atria of the heart (atria pertaining to septum/pertaining to bad/made)
87
cardiac arrest
cessation of functional circulation (heart/pertaining to stop)
88
cardiomyopathy
disease of the heart muscle - muscle fibers of heart not working as well as they need to (heart/muscle/disease)
89
congestive cardiomyopathy
cardiac muscle that is too weak - unable to pump blood out of itself (congestive) and it becomes stretched (dilated,) causing weak/slow pumping of blood (together/bring heart/muscle disease)
90
dilated cardiomyopathy*
(*another term for cardiomyopathy) cardiac muscle that is too floppy (expanded heart/muscle disease)
91
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
cardiac muscle that is too thick and blocks flow - can cause sudden death when playing sports (over/developed/pertaining to heart/muscle disease)
92
restrictive cardiomyopathy
cardiac muscle that is too tight, the heart muscle hardens, restricting the flow of blood (back/tied/pertaining to heart/muscle disease)
93
carditis
inflammation of the heart (heart/inflammation)
94
congenital heart defect
defect in the heart present at birth (together/birth/pertaining to/heart/bad/made)
95
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart failure categorized by the heart being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) (together/bring/pertaining to)
96
coronary thrombosis
obstruction of coronary artery by clot (heart/pertaining to clot/condition)
97
endocarditis
inflammation of tissue lining inside the heart (inside/card/inflammation)
98
myocardial infraction (MI)
death of heart muscle tissue (muscle/heart/pertaining to in/stuff/condition)
99
myocardial ischemia
blockage of blood to heart tissue (muscle/heart/pertaining to hold black/blood condition)
100
pericardial effusion
fluid pouring out to tissue around the heart (around/heart/pertaining to out/pour)
101
pericarditis
inflammation of tissue around the heart (around/heart/condition)
102
valvulitis
inflammation of heart valve (valve inflammation)
103
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
flaw in septum that divides to ventricles in the heart (ventricle/pertaining to septum/pertaining to bad/made)
104
aneurysm
bulge in a blood vessel (up/wide/condition)
105
angiodema
swelling of blood vessels (vessel/swelling)
106
angioma
blood vessel tumor (vessel/tumor)
107
aortic aneurysm
bulging or swelling of the aorta (aorta/pertaining to up/wide/condition)
108
aortic regurgitation
flow of blood backwards from aorta, into the heart - caused by a weak heart valve (aorta/pertaining to back/bubble/condition)
109
aoritis
inflammation of the aorta (aorta/inflammation)
110
arteriopathy
disease of the arteries (artery/disease)
111
cardiomyotomy
incision into the heart muscle (heart/muscle/incision)
112
cardiopulmonary bypass
procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates blood during a portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped (heart/lung/pertaining to)
113
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
basic life support (heart/lung/pertaining to to again/stir up/procedure)
114
cardiothoracic surgery
surgery that involves cutting through the chest to the heart (heart/chest/pertaining to surgery)
115
cardioversion
returning to a normal rhythm (heart/turn/procedure)
116
coronary arterectomy
surgical removal of coronary artery (heart/pertaining to artery/removal)
117
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
borrowed piece of of blood vessel to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
118
coronary artery bypass surgery
surgery to bypass the blocked artery in the heart
119
percutaneous coronary intervention
alternate treatment to a coronary artery that passes instruments up to a patients blood vessels to the heart (through/skin/pertaining to heart/pertaining to)
120
pericardiocentesis
puncture of tissue around the heart (around/heart/puncture)
121
pericardiotomy
incision into tissue around the heart (around/heart/incision)
122
valvectomy
surgical removal of heart valve (valve/removal)
123
valvotomy
incision into heart valve (valve/incision)
124
valvuloplasty
surgical reconstruction of heart valve (valve/reconstruction)
125
ventriculotomy
incision into a ventricle (ventricle/incision)
126
anastomosis
creation of opening between 2 separate surfaces (up/mouth/condition)
127
aneurysmectomy
surgical removal of an aneurysm (up/wide/condition/removal)
128
angioplasty
surgical reconstruction of a vessel (vessel/reconstruction)
129
angiorrhaphy
suture of a vessel (vessel/suture)
130
aortorrhaphy
suture of the aorta (aorta/suture)
131
aortotomy
incision into the aorta (aorta/incision)
132
arterioectomy
surgical removal of the artery (artery/removal)
133
arterioplasty
surgical reconstruction of the artery (artery/reconstruction)
134
arteriorrhaphy
suture of artery (artery/suture)
135
atherectomy
surgical removal of fatty plaque in artery (fatty plaque/removal)
136
embolectomy
surgical removal of embolus (embolus/removal)
137
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the inside of an artery (inside/artery/removal)
138
phlebectomy
surgical removal of a vein (vein/removal)
139
phlebophlebostomy
procedure to create opening between two veins (vein/vein/opening)
140
varicectomy
surgical removal of varicose vein (swollen/incision)
141
venectomy
surgical removal of vein (vein/removal)
142
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
143
A-fib
atrial fibrillation
144
ASD
atrial septal defect
145
BP
blood pressure
146
CABG
coronary artery bypass surgery
147
CAD
coronary artery disease
148
CHF
congestive heart failure
149
CO
cardiac output
150
CTA
computed tomographic angiography
151
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
152
ECHO
echocardiogram
153
EKG
electocardiogram
154
HTN
hypertension
155
MI
myocardial infraction
156
MRA
magnetic resonance angiography–also called a magnetic resonance angiogram
157
MVP
mitral valve prolapse
158
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
159
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
160
SCA
sudden cardiac arrest
161
SV
stroke volume
162
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
163
VSD
ventricular septal defect
