Ch 4 - Musculoskeletal System (Orthopedics) Flashcards
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1
Q
how are bones formed?
A
start as cartilage, blood vessels penetrated and bone cells start to replace the cartilage model (usually hardening from the center out)
2
Q
vertebrae
A
smaller bones making up the spin
3
Q
what are the four sections of the spine?
A
1) cervical: neck
2) thoracic: chest/ upper back
3) lumbar and sacral: lower back
4
Q
bones of the forearm
A
radius and ulna
5
Q
femur
A
thigh bone
6
Q
shin bones
A
tibia and fibula
7
Q
oste/o
A
bone
8
Q
crani/o
A
head, skull
9
Q
cervic/o
A
neck
10
Q
spondyl/o
A
vertebra
11
Q
lumb/o
A
loin, lower back
12
Q
brachi/o
A
arm
13
Q
dactyl/o
A
finger
14
Q
carp/o
A
wrist
15
Q
cost/o
A
rib
16
Q
femor/o
A
femur
17
Q
tibi/o
A
tibia
18
Q
tars/o
A
ankle
19
Q
joints
A
connection points between bones
20
Q
flexion
A
bending of a joint
21
Q
extention
A
straightening of a bone
22
Q
tendons
A
hold muscle to bone
23
Q
ligaments
A
hold bone to bone
24
Q
cartilage
A
surrounds bones at the joints for smoother movement
25
bursae
sacks of fluid under many tendons
26
chrondr/o
cartilage
27
striations
lines (muscle fibers appear as lines under a microscope - so skeletal muscle = striated muscle)
28
fascia
thick membrane surrounding skeletal muscle
29
ton/o
tone, tension
30
kinesi/o (kinet/o)
movement, motion
31
tax/o
arrangement, order, coordination (taxonomy)
32
ankyl/o
stiff, bent
33
costalgia
rib pain
34
metatarsalgia
pain in bones or footo
35
ostalgia
bone pain
36
osteodynia
bone pain
37
spondylodynia
vertebra pain
38
tibialgia
tibia pain
39
ankylosis
joint stiffness
40
arthralgia
joint pain
41
arthrodynia
joint pain
42
cervicodynia
neck pain
43
crepitation
crackling sound heard in the joints
44
genu valgum
knock-kneed
45
genu varum
bowlegged
46
bradykinesia
slow movement
47
dyskinesia
inability to control movement
48
dystaxia
poor coordination
49
dystonia
poor muscle tone
50
graphospasm
writer's cramp
51
hyperkinesia
increase in muscle movement or activity
52
hypertonia
increased muscle tone or tightness
53
hypokinesia
decrease in muscle tone or tightness
54
myalgia
muscle pain
55
myasthenia
muscle weakness
56
myodynia
muscle pain
57
myospasm
muscle spasm
58
tenalgia
tendon pain
59
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint
60
arthroscope
instrument for looking into a joint
61
arthroscopy
procedure for looking into a joint
62
electromyogram
record of electrical activity of a muscle
63
electromyography
procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle
64
myography
procedure for studying muscles
65
kyphosis
humped back/abnormal curvature of the upper spine
66
lordosis
sway back/abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine
67
scoliosis
crooked back, abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
68
carpitis
wrist inflammation
69
craniomalacia
abnormal softening of the skull
70
exostosis
abnormal growth of bone out of another bone
71
fracture
bone break
72
osteodystrophy
poor bone development
73
osteolysis
bone loss
74
osteonecrosis
death of bone
75
osteosclerosis
abnormal hardening of bone
76
polydactyly
having more than the usual number of fingers/toes
77
spondylitis
vertebra inflammation
78
spondylomalacia
softening of the vertebra
79
syndactyly
fusion/webbing of fingers or toes
80
tarsoptosis
flat feet
81
ankylosing spondylitis
stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae
82
chondro-osteodystrophy
poor development of the bones and cartilage
83
craniosynostosis
the premature fusing of the skull bones
84
dactylitis
finger inflammation
85
hpertrophic sponylitis
overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation
86
osteitis
bone inflammation
87
osteochondritis
inflammation of bone and cartilage
88
osteogenesis imperfecta
(brittle bone disease) disease in which bones do not develop properly
89
osteomalacia
softening of the bone
90
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and marrow
91
osteopathy
bone disease
92
osteopenia
reduction in bone volume
93
osteoporosis
loss of bone density
94
spinal stenosis
abnormal narrowing of the spine
95
spondyloarthropathy
joint disease of the vertebrae
96
spondylolisthesis
slipping or dislocation of a vertebra
97
spondylolysis
loss of vertebra structure
98
spondylosis
vertebra condition
99
arthritis
joint inflammation
100
rheumatoid arthritis
inflammation of the joints, symptoms resemble rheumatic fever
101
septic arthritis
inflammation of the joints caused by infection
102
osteoarthritis
inflammation of the joints, especially those that bear weight
103
arthrocele
hernia of a joint
104
arthrodysplasia
abnormal joint development
105
arthropathy
joint disease
106
arthrosclerosis
hardening of joints
107
bursitis
inflammation of the bursa
108
bursopathy
disease of the bursa
109
subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint
110
chondroma
tumorlike growth or cartilage
111
myoma
muscle tumor
112
myosarcoma
cancerous muscle tumor
113
osteocarcinoma
bone cancer tumor
114
osteochondroma
tumor made of bone and cartilage
115
osteosarcoma
cancerous tumor from bone cells
116
analgesic
drug that relieves pain
117
antiarthritic
drug that opposes joint inflammation
118
anti-imflammatory
drug that opposes inflammation
119
atripyretic
drug that opposes fever
120
carpectomy
removal of all or part of wrist
121
costectomy
removal of a rib
122
craniectomy
removal of portion of the skull (the bone is NOT replaced)
123
craniotomy
removal of portion of skull for surgical access (the bone is replaced)
124
external fixation
fixation of a fractured bone from the outside (cast, splints, etc.)
125
internal fixation
the fixation of a fractured bones from inside (pins, screws, plates)
126
closed reduction
returning bones to proper position without use of surgery
127
open reduction
returning bones to their place with surgery
128
metacarpectomy
removal of bone in the hand
129
osteectomy
removal of a bone
130
osteoclasia
surgical breaking of a bone
131
osteoplasty
reconstruction of a bone
132
osteotomy
incision into a bone
133
spondylosyndesis
fusion of multiple vertebrae
134
sternotomy
incision into the sternum
135
tarsectomy
removal of all or portion of ankle
136
tarsoclasia
surgical fracture of the ankle
137
arthrectomy
removal of a joint
138
arthroclasia
therapeutic breaking of a bone to allow for increased mobility
139
arthrodesis
surgical fixation of a joint
140
artholysis
loosening a stiff joint
141
arthroplasty
reconstruction of a joint
142
arthrotomy
incision into a joint
143
bursectomy
removal of a bursa
144
bursotomy
incision into a bursa
145
chondrectomy
removal of cartilage
146
chrondroplasty
reconstruction of cartilage
147
fasciectomy
removal fo fascia
148
fasciodesis
binding of fascia
149
fascioplasty
reconstruction of fascia
150
fasciorrhaphy
suturing of fascia
151
fasciotomy
incision into fascia
152
myectomy
removal of muscle
153
myodesis
binding of a muscle
154
myomectomy
removal of a muscle tumor
155
myoplasty
muscle reconstruction
156
myorrhapy
muscle suture
157
myotomy
incision into a muscle
158
DTR
deep tendon reflex (hammer knee tap)
159
EMG
electromyogram
160
FROM
full range of motion
161
NSAID
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
162
OA
osteoarthritis
163
ORIF
open reduction internal fixation
164
PT
physical therapy
165
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
166
RICE
rest, ice, compression, elevation
167
ROM
range of motion
168
WB
weight bearing
169
WBAT
weight bearing as tolerated
