Ch 10 - Gastrointestinal System (Gastroenterology) Flashcards
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1
Q
what is the main function of the GI system?
A
turn food into energy
2
Q
what is digestion?
A
the process of converting food into energy (“dia” through/”gest” carry)
3
Q
what are the 3 types of usable food materials?
A
protein, fat, and carbohydrates
4
Q
or/o
A
mouth
5
Q
stomat/o
A
mouth
6
Q
gingiv/o
A
gums
7
Q
dent/o
A
tooth
8
Q
odont/o
A
tooth
9
Q
what parts make up the upper gastrointestinal tract?
A
mouth, esophagus, stomach
10
Q
what parts make up the lower GI tract?
A
the small and large intestines
11
Q
the small intestine is…
A
the longest part of the GI system
12
Q
what are the parts of the small intestine?
A
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
13
Q
what happens in the duodenum?
A
chemical breakdown through chemicals of the liver (bile) and pancreas
14
Q
where is most food nutrients absorbed?
A
the small intestine
15
Q
what does the large intestine do?
A
absorb water from food
16
Q
where does stool pass through?
A
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon to the rectum
17
Q
what role does the liver play in digestion?
A
gets rid of toxins, plays a role in energy storage, provides bile to breakdown food
18
Q
what is the gallbladder?
A
a storage gland
19
Q
where is bile sent to?
A
small intestine (via the bile duct) and gallbladder
20
Q
what role does the pancreas play in the GI system?
A
makes enzymes to break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
21
Q
sial/o
A
saliva
22
Q
bil/i
A
bile (gall)
23
Q
chol/e
A
bile (gall)
24
Q
peritoneum
A
the membrane surrounding the abdomen (it has more specific nerve fibers so pain in the peritoneum is specific in nature)
25
abdomin/o
abdomen
26
celi/o
abdomen
27
lapar/o
abdomen
28
dyspepsia
bad digestion (bad/digestion/condition)
29
esophagalgia
pain in the esophagus
30
eupepsia
good digestion
31
gastralgia
stomach pain
32
gastrodynia
stomach pain
33
gingivalgia
gum pain
34
gingivostomatitis
inflammation of the mouth and gums
35
odontalgia
tooth pain
36
odontodynia
tooth pain
37
stomatitis
mouth inflammation
38
stomatodynia
mouth pain
39
jaundice can indicate
problems with the GI system, usually liver problems
40
what happens after visual inspection has taken place
palpate (feel) the abdomen) - looking for masses, pain or muscle tension (guarding)
41
what is guarding?
muscle tension in response to pain
42
gastromalacia
stomach softening
43
gastroparesis
partial paralysis of the stomach
44
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
45
gingivoglossitis
inflammation of the gums and tongue (gum/tongue/inflammation)
46
glossoplegia
paralysis of the tongue
47
odontoclasis
breaking of a tooth
48
stomatogastric
pertaining to the mouth and stomach
49
stomatosis
mouth condition
50
anophony
sound from the anus
51
flatus
passing gas
52
hernia
rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it
53
steatorrhea
excessive fat discharged in the feces - can indicate disease
54
ascites
retention of fluid in the peritoneum
55
biligenesis
formation of bile
56
cholelith
stone in the bile
57
hepatomalacia
softening of the liver
58
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
59
hepatoptosis
downward displacement of the liver
60
pancreatolith
stone in the pancreas
61
sialoangiectasis
over-expansion of the salivary vessels
62
sialolith
stone in the saliva
63
sialostenosis
narrowing of the salivary glands
64
cholangiogram
record of the bile ducts
65
cholangiography
procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts)
66
cholangiopancreatography
procedure for mapping the bile vessels and pancreas - through wither endoscope or MRI
67
cholecystogram
record of bile (gall) bladder
68
anosigmoidoscopy
procedure for looking a the anus and colon
69
endoscope
instrument used to look inside
70
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
procedure for looking inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
71
esophagoscopy
procedure for looking inside the esophagus
72
fecal occult blood test
(FOBT) test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent
73
gastroscope
instrument for looking at the stomach
74
gastroscopy
procedure for looking at the stomach
75
laparoscope
instrument for looking inside the abdomen
76
laparoscopy
procedure for looking inside the abdomen
77
nasogastric tue
tube inserted through the nose into the stomach
78
epigastric
upper center portion of the abdomen
79
hypochondriac
upper side portions of the abdomen
80
hypogastric
lower center portion of the abdomen
81
inguinal
lower side portions of the abdomen (groin/pertaining to)
82
lumar
middle side portions of the abdomen (loin/pertaining to)
83
umbilical
middle center portion of the abdomen
84
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
85
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
86
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
87
gastroenterocolitis
inflammation of the stomach, intestine, and colon
88
gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD) disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus
89
gingival hyperplasia
overformation of gum tissue
90
glossopathy
disease of the tongue
91
glossotrichia
overdevelopment of the bumps on the tongue, making it appear to be hairy
92
peridontitis
inflammation of the region around the teeth
93
pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the sphincter at the base of the stomach
94
stomatomycosis
fungus condition of the mouth
95
stomatosis
mouth condition
96
colitis
inflammation of the colon
97
duodenitis
inflammation of the duodenum
98
enterocele
hernia of the intestines
99
enteropathy
disease of the intestines
100
fistula
any abnormal passageway in the body that shouldn't be there
101
anal fistula
abnormal opening between the rectum and the exterior perianal skin
102
colovaginal fistual
abnormal opening between the colon and the vagina
103
diverticulitis
the inflammation of the diverticula in the colon
104
diverticulosis
condition of having diverticula in the colon
105
antacid
agent that neutralizes acid
106
antiemetic
agent that prevents or relives nausea or vomiting
107
cathartic
agent that produces bowel movements
108
sialogogic
agent that causes salivation
109
esophagectomy
surgical removal of the esophagus
110
esophagogastroplasty
surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach
111
gastrectomy
surgical removal of the stomach
112
gastroduodenostomy
creation of an opening between the stomach and duodenum
113
gastroenterostomy
creation of an opening between the stomach and the intestines
114
gastrojejunostomy
creation of an opening between the stomach and the jejunum
115
gastropexy
surgical fixation of the stomach
116
gastroplasty
surgical reconstruction of the stomach
117
gingivectomy
surgical removal of gum tissue
118
gingivoplasty
surgical reconstruction of gum tissue
119
glossoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the tongue
120
glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
121
glossotomy
incision into the tongue
122
odontectomy
surgical removal of a tooth
123
anastomosis
creation of an opening; a surgical procedure connection two previously unconnected hollow tubes
124
anoplasty
surgical reconstruction of the anus
125
colectomy
surgical removal of the colon
126
colostomy
surgical opening of the colon
127
duodenectomy
surgical removal of the duodenum
128
enterectomy
surgical removal of the intestines
129
enterorrhaphy
suture of the intestines
130
enterotomy
incision into the intestines
131
hemicolectomy
surgical removal of half of the colon
132
BE
barium enema
133
BM
bowel movement
134
CCE
cholecystectomy
135
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
136
ERCP
endoscopie retrograde cholangiopancreatography
137
EUS
endoscopic ultrasound
138
FOBT
fecal occult blood test
139
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
140
GI
gastrointestinal
141
HAV, HBV, HCV
hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus
142
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
143
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
144
LFT
liver function test
145
NGT
nasogastric tube
146
NPO
nihil per os (nothing by mouth)
147
N&V
nausea and vomiting
148
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
149
PEJ
percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy
150
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
151
RLQ
right lower quadrant
152
RUQ
right uper quadrant
153
LLQ
left lower quadrant
154
LUQ
left upper quadrant
155
UGI
upper gastroinestinal
