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Medical Terminology > Ch 10 - Gastrointestinal System (Gastroenterology) > Flashcards

Ch 10 - Gastrointestinal System (Gastroenterology) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is the main function of the GI system?

A

turn food into energy

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2
Q

what is digestion?

A

the process of converting food into energy (“dia” through/”gest” carry)

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3
Q

what are the 3 types of usable food materials?

A

protein, fat, and carbohydrates

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4
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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5
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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6
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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7
Q

dent/o

A

tooth

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8
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

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9
Q

what parts make up the upper gastrointestinal tract?

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach

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10
Q

what parts make up the lower GI tract?

A

the small and large intestines

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11
Q

the small intestine is…

A

the longest part of the GI system

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12
Q

what are the parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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13
Q

what happens in the duodenum?

A

chemical breakdown through chemicals of the liver (bile) and pancreas

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14
Q

where is most food nutrients absorbed?

A

the small intestine

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15
Q

what does the large intestine do?

A

absorb water from food

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16
Q

where does stool pass through?

A

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon to the rectum

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17
Q

what role does the liver play in digestion?

A

gets rid of toxins, plays a role in energy storage, provides bile to breakdown food

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18
Q

what is the gallbladder?

A

a storage gland

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19
Q

where is bile sent to?

A

small intestine (via the bile duct) and gallbladder

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20
Q

what role does the pancreas play in the GI system?

A

makes enzymes to break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

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21
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

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22
Q

bil/i

A

bile (gall)

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23
Q

chol/e

A

bile (gall)

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24
Q

peritoneum

A

the membrane surrounding the abdomen (it has more specific nerve fibers so pain in the peritoneum is specific in nature)

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25
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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26
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

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27
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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28
Q

dyspepsia

A

bad digestion (bad/digestion/condition)

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29
Q

esophagalgia

A

pain in the esophagus

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30
Q

eupepsia

A

good digestion

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31
Q

gastralgia

A

stomach pain

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32
Q

gastrodynia

A

stomach pain

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33
Q

gingivalgia

A

gum pain

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34
Q

gingivostomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth and gums

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35
Q

odontalgia

A

tooth pain

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36
Q

odontodynia

A

tooth pain

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37
Q

stomatitis

A

mouth inflammation

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38
Q

stomatodynia

A

mouth pain

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39
Q

jaundice can indicate

A

problems with the GI system, usually liver problems

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40
Q

what happens after visual inspection has taken place

A

palpate (feel) the abdomen) - looking for masses, pain or muscle tension (guarding)

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41
Q

what is guarding?

A

muscle tension in response to pain

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42
Q

gastromalacia

A

stomach softening

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43
Q

gastroparesis

A

partial paralysis of the stomach

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44
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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45
Q

gingivoglossitis

A

inflammation of the gums and tongue (gum/tongue/inflammation)

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46
Q

glossoplegia

A

paralysis of the tongue

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47
Q

odontoclasis

A

breaking of a tooth

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48
Q

stomatogastric

A

pertaining to the mouth and stomach

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49
Q

stomatosis

A

mouth condition

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50
Q

anophony

A

sound from the anus

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51
Q

flatus

A

passing gas

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52
Q

hernia

A

rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it

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53
Q

steatorrhea

A

excessive fat discharged in the feces - can indicate disease

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54
Q

ascites

A

retention of fluid in the peritoneum

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55
Q

biligenesis

A

formation of bile

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56
Q

cholelith

A

stone in the bile

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57
Q

hepatomalacia

A

softening of the liver

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58
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

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59
Q

hepatoptosis

A

downward displacement of the liver

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60
Q

pancreatolith

A

stone in the pancreas

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61
Q

sialoangiectasis

A

over-expansion of the salivary vessels

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62
Q

sialolith

A

stone in the saliva

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63
Q

sialostenosis

A

narrowing of the salivary glands

64
Q

cholangiogram

A

record of the bile ducts

65
Q

cholangiography

A

procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts)

66
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure for mapping the bile vessels and pancreas - through wither endoscope or MRI

67
Q

cholecystogram

A

record of bile (gall) bladder

68
Q

anosigmoidoscopy

A

procedure for looking a the anus and colon

69
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used to look inside

70
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

procedure for looking inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

71
Q

esophagoscopy

A

procedure for looking inside the esophagus

72
Q

fecal occult blood test

A

(FOBT) test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent

73
Q

gastroscope

A

instrument for looking at the stomach

74
Q

gastroscopy

A

procedure for looking at the stomach

75
Q

laparoscope

A

instrument for looking inside the abdomen

76
Q

laparoscopy

A

procedure for looking inside the abdomen

77
Q

nasogastric tue

A

tube inserted through the nose into the stomach

78
Q

epigastric

A

upper center portion of the abdomen

79
Q

hypochondriac

A

upper side portions of the abdomen

80
Q

hypogastric

A

lower center portion of the abdomen

81
Q

inguinal

A

lower side portions of the abdomen (groin/pertaining to)

82
Q

lumar

A

middle side portions of the abdomen (loin/pertaining to)

83
Q

umbilical

A

middle center portion of the abdomen

84
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

85
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

86
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

87
Q

gastroenterocolitis

A

inflammation of the stomach, intestine, and colon

88
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

(GERD) disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus

89
Q

gingival hyperplasia

A

overformation of gum tissue

90
Q

glossopathy

A

disease of the tongue

91
Q

glossotrichia

A

overdevelopment of the bumps on the tongue, making it appear to be hairy

92
Q

peridontitis

A

inflammation of the region around the teeth

93
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing of the sphincter at the base of the stomach

94
Q

stomatomycosis

A

fungus condition of the mouth

95
Q

stomatosis

A

mouth condition

96
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

97
Q

duodenitis

A

inflammation of the duodenum

98
Q

enterocele

A

hernia of the intestines

99
Q

enteropathy

A

disease of the intestines

100
Q

fistula

A

any abnormal passageway in the body that shouldn’t be there

101
Q

anal fistula

A

abnormal opening between the rectum and the exterior perianal skin

102
Q

colovaginal fistual

A

abnormal opening between the colon and the vagina

103
Q

diverticulitis

A

the inflammation of the diverticula in the colon

104
Q

diverticulosis

A

condition of having diverticula in the colon

105
Q

antacid

A

agent that neutralizes acid

106
Q

antiemetic

A

agent that prevents or relives nausea or vomiting

107
Q

cathartic

A

agent that produces bowel movements

108
Q

sialogogic

A

agent that causes salivation

109
Q

esophagectomy

A

surgical removal of the esophagus

110
Q

esophagogastroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach

111
Q

gastrectomy

A

surgical removal of the stomach

112
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

creation of an opening between the stomach and duodenum

113
Q

gastroenterostomy

A

creation of an opening between the stomach and the intestines

114
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

creation of an opening between the stomach and the jejunum

115
Q

gastropexy

A

surgical fixation of the stomach

116
Q

gastroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the stomach

117
Q

gingivectomy

A

surgical removal of gum tissue

118
Q

gingivoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of gum tissue

119
Q

glossoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the tongue

120
Q

glossorrhaphy

A

suture of the tongue

121
Q

glossotomy

A

incision into the tongue

122
Q

odontectomy

A

surgical removal of a tooth

123
Q

anastomosis

A

creation of an opening; a surgical procedure connection two previously unconnected hollow tubes

124
Q

anoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the anus

125
Q

colectomy

A

surgical removal of the colon

126
Q

colostomy

A

surgical opening of the colon

127
Q

duodenectomy

A

surgical removal of the duodenum

128
Q

enterectomy

A

surgical removal of the intestines

129
Q

enterorrhaphy

A

suture of the intestines

130
Q

enterotomy

A

incision into the intestines

131
Q

hemicolectomy

A

surgical removal of half of the colon

132
Q

BE

A

barium enema

133
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

134
Q

CCE

A

cholecystectomy

135
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

136
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopie retrograde cholangiopancreatography

137
Q

EUS

A

endoscopic ultrasound

138
Q

FOBT

A

fecal occult blood test

139
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

140
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

141
Q

HAV, HBV, HCV

A

hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus

142
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

143
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

144
Q

LFT

A

liver function test

145
Q

NGT

A

nasogastric tube

146
Q

NPO

A

nihil per os (nothing by mouth)

147
Q

N&V

A

nausea and vomiting

148
Q

PEG

A

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

149
Q

PEJ

A

percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy

150
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

151
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

152
Q

RUQ

A

right uper quadrant

153
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

154
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

155
Q

UGI

A

upper gastroinestinal

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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