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Medical Terminology > Ch 12 - Urinary & Male Reproductive System (Urology) > Flashcards

Ch 12 - Urinary & Male Reproductive System (Urology) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is the basic working unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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2
Q

what is the function of the glomerulus?

A

blood is filtered (filtrate)

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3
Q

what is the renal pelvis?

A

basin containing waste in the kidney, then drained into a bladder

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4
Q

what are the ureters?

A

long vessels from each kidney leading to the bladder

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5
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

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6
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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7
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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8
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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9
Q

ur/p

A

urine

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10
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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11
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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12
Q

urologist

A

deal with both urinary tract problems and male genital problems

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13
Q

what make up the male reproductive system?

A

testicles, epididymis, and seminiferous tubules, and prostate gland, and penis

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14
Q

epididymis

A

stores sperm cells

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15
Q

vas deferens

A

ducts traveling outside of the epididymis

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16
Q

dysuria

A

pain with urination

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17
Q

cystalgia

A

pain in the bladder

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18
Q

nephralgia

A

kidney pain

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19
Q

renal colic

A

severe pain that comes in waves (indicates a kidney stone)

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20
Q

urethralgia

A

pain in the urethra

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21
Q

incontinence, enuresis

A

inability to hold urine

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22
Q

polyuria

A

frequent urination

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23
Q

oliguria

A

not enough urination

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24
Q

anuria

A

complete lack of urination - can indicate blockage or kidney failure

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25
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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26
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

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27
Q

sperm count

A

tests how many sperm cells are present in semen

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28
Q

oligospermia

A

low sperm counts

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29
Q

aspermia or azoospermia

A

no sperm

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30
Q

nephrosonography

A

renal ultrasound

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31
Q

hydronephrosis

A

kidneys filled with fluid

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32
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

one of the most common images of a urinary tract; done by recieving iv injection of dye and undergoing a CT scan

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33
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones

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34
Q

ureterostenosis

A

narrowing ureter

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35
Q

ureterocele

A

pouch developed in a ureter

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36
Q

cystoscope

A

inserting a camera into the bladder

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37
Q

ureteroscope

A

inserting a camera into the ureter

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38
Q

urodynamic testing

A

watching the flow of urine

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39
Q

voiding cystourethrogram

A

the most commong type of urodynamic testing; done by putting dye in the bladder and watching the direction of uring

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40
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea - the product of breakdown of amino acids for energy

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41
Q

diuresis

A

excessive urination

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42
Q

nephrologist

A

specialist in the kidneys

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43
Q

nephrology

A

study of the kidneys

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44
Q

uropoiesis

A

formation of urine

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45
Q

uroxanthin

A

substance in urine that makes it yellow

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46
Q

voiding

A

emptying; another term for urination

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47
Q

anorchidism

A

lack of a testicle

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48
Q

cryptorchidism

A

hidden testicle

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49
Q

hydrocele

A

fluid-filled mass in the testicle

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50
Q

hypospadias

A

birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end of the penis

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51
Q

phimosis

A

contraction of the foreskin of the penis - preventing it from being retracted

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52
Q

prostatolith

A

stone in the prostate

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53
Q

prostatomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the prostate

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54
Q

prostatorrhea

A

discharge from the prostate

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55
Q

seminoma

A

type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue

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56
Q

speratocele

A

hernia or distention of the epididymis caused by sperm cells

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57
Q

spermatolysis

A

destruction of sperm cells

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58
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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59
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of the bladder

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60
Q

cystolith

A

stone in the bladder

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61
Q

cystoptosis

A

downward displacement of the bladder

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62
Q

cystospasm

A

spasm in the bladder

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63
Q

cystoureteritis

A

inflammation of the bladder and ureter

64
Q

cystrourethrocele

A

hernia of the bladder and urethra

65
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli

66
Q

glomerulopathy

A

disease of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli

67
Q

glomerulosclerosis

A

hardening of the glomeruli

68
Q

hydronephrosis

A

kidney condition caused by obstruction of urine flow

69
Q

lithonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys caused by stones

70
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

71
Q

nephrocele

A

hernia of a kidney

72
Q

nephrohypertrophy

A

overdevelopment of the kidney

73
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of stones in the kidney

74
Q

nephromalacis

A

abnormal softening of a kidney

75
Q

nephromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of a kidney

76
Q

nephropathy

A

any kidney disease

77
Q

nephroptosis

A

downward displacement of the kidney

78
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of a kidney

79
Q

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

A

disease characterized by the formation of may fluid filled cysts of the kidneys

80
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

81
Q

pyelocystitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and bladder

82
Q

pyelocystostomosis

A

creation of an opening between the renal pelvis and bladder

83
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

84
Q

pyelopathy

A

disease of the renal pelvis

85
Q

pyeloureterectasia

A

dilation of the renal pevlis and ureter

86
Q

pyonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney caused by pus

87
Q

pyonephrolithiasis

A

presence of pus and stones in the kidney

88
Q

pyopyelectasis

A

pus in a dilated renal pelvis

89
Q

renal ischemia

A

deficiency of blood in a kidney

90
Q

stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

A

loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure

91
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of a ureter

92
Q

ureteropyelitis

A

inflammation of the ureter and renal pelvis

93
Q

ureteropyelonephritis

A

inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter

94
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

95
Q

urethrocystitis

A

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

96
Q

uropathy

A

disease of the urinary tract

97
Q

vesicocele

A

hernia of the bladder

98
Q

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

A

abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters

99
Q

chlamydia

A

sti characterized by genital discharge and painful urination (caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis)

100
Q

gonorrhea

A

a std characterized by discharge of the gonads (caused by bacteria neisseria gonorrhoeae)

101
Q

herpes simplex virus (HSV)

A

highly contagious family of viruses that effect mucous membranes and produce watery blisters that eventually scab over (HSV-1 = mouth sore, HSV-2 = genital herpes)

102
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

a disease that compromises a patients immune system

103
Q

human paillopma virus (HPV)

A

a virus that can cause warts and precancerous lesions in genital areas

104
Q

syphilis

A

a std characterized at first by skin irritations then later becoming a neurological and heart illness

105
Q

trichomoniasis

A

a std characterized by genital itching, painful urination, and genital discharge

106
Q

antispasmodic

A

drug used to prevent spasms

107
Q

diuretic

A

agent that causes urination

108
Q

spermicide

A

agent that kills sperm

109
Q

spermolytic

A

agent that kills sperm

110
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of the bladder

111
Q

cystolithectomy

A

surgical removal of stone in the bladder

112
Q

cystostomy

A

creation of opening in the bladder

113
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

breadown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside of the body

114
Q

fulguration

A

use of electric current to destroy tissue

115
Q

heminephrectomy

A

surgical removal of half a kidney

116
Q

heminephroureterectomy

A

surgical removal of half and kidney and ureter

117
Q

hemodialysis

A

procedure for removing waste from the bloodstream

118
Q

intracorporeal lihotripsy

A

breakdown of kidney stones using a device placed inside the body

119
Q

kidney dialysis

A

procedure for removing waste from the blood (shorter name for hemodialysis)

120
Q

laparonephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen

121
Q

lithectomy

A

surgical removal of a stone

122
Q

lithcystotomy

A

incision into the bladder to remove a stone

123
Q

lithonephrotomy

A

incision into a kidney to remove a stone

124
Q

lithotripsy

A

breakdown of a stone

125
Q

meatoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the opening of the urethra

126
Q

meatorrhaphy

A

suture of the opening of the urethra

127
Q

meatotomy

A

incision into the urethra

128
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen

129
Q

nephrocystanastomosis

A

opening of a passageway between a kidney and the bladder

130
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision into a kidney to remove a stone

131
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of a kidney

132
Q

nephrorrhaphy

A

suture of a kidney

133
Q

nephrostomy

A

creation of an opening in a kidney

134
Q

nephrotomy

A

incision into a kidney

135
Q

nephroureterectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney and ureter

136
Q

pyelotomy

A

incision into a renal relvis

137
Q

renal angioplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a kidney blood vessel

138
Q

ureteroileostomy

A

creation of an opening between the ureter and the ileum (portion of the small intestine)

139
Q

ureteronephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney and ureter

140
Q

ureteroplastic

A

surgical reconstruction of a ureter

141
Q

ureterorrhaphy

A

suture of a ureter

142
Q

urethrectomy

A

surgical removal of the urethra

143
Q

urethropexy

A

surgical fixation of the urethra

144
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the urethra

145
Q

urethrotomy

A

incision into the urethra

146
Q

cath

A

catheter

147
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

148
Q

I&O

A

intake and output

149
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

150
Q

IVU

A

intravenous urogram

151
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureters, bladder

152
Q

OAB

A

overative bladder

153
Q

RP

A

retrograde pyelogram

154
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

155
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystrourethrogram

156
Q

VUR

A

vesicoureteral reflux

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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