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Medical Terminology > Ch 1 - Introduction To Medical Language > Flashcards

Ch 1 - Introduction To Medical Language Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what are the purposes of medical language?

A

1) allows for clarity
2) allows for quick communication
3) allows health care professionals to comfort patients

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2
Q

what languages make up medical languages?

A

ancient Greek and Latin

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3
Q

what is an eponym?

A

“put your name on something” - ex Lou Gehrig’s disease

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4
Q

what is an acronym?

A

a word made up of the first letters of each word that make up the phrase (MRI = magnetic resonance imaging)

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5
Q

why is ancient Greek and Latin used?

A

1) foundations of Western medicine come from ancient Greece and Rome (ex Hippocratic Oath)
2) Latin was the global language of the scientific revolution (1700s-1900s.) Scholarly papers were written in Latin.
3) Dead languages don’t change

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6
Q

what syllable is emphasized in medical terms?

A

the third to last syllable (antepenult) (ex cardiac = KAR/di/ac)

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7
Q

penult

A

second to last syllable

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8
Q

antepenult

A

before the second to last syllable (third from last syllable)

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9
Q

ultima

A

the last syllable

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10
Q

what parts make up a medical term?

A

prefix, root, and suffix

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11
Q

root

A

foundation or subject of the term

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12
Q

suffix

A

ending that gives essential meaning to the term

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13
Q

prefix

A

added at the beginning of the word as needed to modify the root

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14
Q

arth/o

A

joint (arthritis)

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15
Q

cardi/o

A

heart (cardiology)

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16
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine (dysentery)

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17
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach (gastritis)

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18
Q

hepat/o

A

liver (hepatitis)

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19
Q

neur/o

A

nerve (neurology)

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20
Q

hem/o

A

blood (hemorrhage)

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21
Q

hemat/o

A

blood (hematoma)

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22
Q

my/o

A

muscle (myalgia)

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23
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle (muscular)

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24
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (angioplasty)

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25
Q

vas/o

A

vessel (vasospasm)

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26
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel (vasculitis)

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27
Q

derm/o

A

skin (dermis)

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28
Q

dermat/o

A

skin (dermatology)

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29
Q

cutane/o

A

skin (subcutaneous)

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30
Q

pneum/o

A

lung (pneumotomy)

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31
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung (pneumonia)

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32
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung (pulmonologist)

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33
Q

gen/o

A

creation, cause (pathogenic)

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34
Q

hydr/o

A

water (dehydration)

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35
Q

morph/o

A

change (morphology)

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36
Q

myc/o

A

fungus (dermatomycosis)

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37
Q

necr/o

A

death (necrosis)

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38
Q

orth/o

A

straight (orthodontist)

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39
Q

path/o

A

suffering, disease (pathology)

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40
Q

phag/o

A

eat (aphagia)

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41
Q

plas/o

A

formation (hyperplasia)

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42
Q

py/o

A

pus (pyemia)

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43
Q

scler/o

A

hard (scleroderma)

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44
Q

sten/o

A

narrowing (stenosis)

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45
Q

troph/o

A

nourishment, development (hypertrophy)

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46
Q

xen/o

A

foreign (xenograft)

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47
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to (cardiac)

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48
Q

-al

A

pertaining to (skeletal)

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49
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to (muscular)

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50
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to (pulmonary)

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51
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to (esophageal)

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52
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to (medic)

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53
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to (neurotic)

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54
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to (subcutaneous)

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55
Q

-ia

A

condition (pneumonia)

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56
Q

-ism

A

condition (autism)

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57
Q

-ium

A

tissue, structure (pericardium)

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58
Q

-y

A

condition, procedure (hypertrophy)

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59
Q

diminutive suffix

A

transform the term’s meaning into a smaller version of the root (ex booklet = little book)

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60
Q

-icle

A

small (ventricle)

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61
Q

-ole

A

small (arteriole)

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62
Q

-ule

A

small (pustule)

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63
Q

-ula

A

small (uvula)

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64
Q

complex suffixes

A

also called compound or combination suffixes (they are put together from other suffixes, roots, and prefixes)

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65
Q

-iatrics

A

medical science (pediatrics)

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66
Q

-iatry

A

psychiatry

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67
Q

-iatrist

A

specialist in the medicine of (psychiatrist)

68
Q

-ist

A

specialist (dentist)

69
Q

-logist

A

specialist in the study of (psychologist)

70
Q

-logy

A

study of (psychology)

71
Q

-algia

A

pain (myalgia)

72
Q

-dynia

A

pain (gastrodynia)

73
Q

-cele

A

hernia (hydrocele

74
Q

-emia

A

blood condition (leukemia)

75
Q

-iasis

A

presence of (lithiasis)

76
Q

-itis

A

inflammation (arthritis)

77
Q

-lysis

A

loosen, break down (hemolysis)

78
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softening (osteomalacia)

79
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement (hepatomegaly)

80
Q

-oid

A

resembling (keloid)

81
Q

-oma

A

tumor (melanoma)

82
Q

-osis

A

condition (thrombosis)

83
Q

-pathy

A

disease (myopathy)

84
Q

-penia

A

deficiency (leukopenia)

85
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping (nephroptosis)

86
Q

-rrhage

A

excessive flow (hemorrhage)

87
Q

-rrhagia

A

excessive flow (menorrhagia)

88
Q

-rrhea

A

flow (diarrhea)

89
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture (metrorrhexis)

90
Q

-spasm

A

rupture (metrorrhexis)

91
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction (myospasm)

92
Q

-centesis

A

puncture (amniocentesis)

93
Q

-gram

A

written record (cardiogram)

94
Q

-graph

A

instrument used to produce a record (cardiograph)

95
Q

-graphy

A

writing procedure (cardiography)

96
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure (cephalometer)

97
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring (cephalometry)

98
Q

-scope

A

instrument used to look (arthroscope)

99
Q

-scopy

A

process of looking (arthroscopy)

100
Q

-desis

A

binding, fixation (arthrodesis)

101
Q

-ectomy

A

removal (vasectomy)

102
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation (retinopexy)

103
Q

-plasty

A

reconstruction (rhinoplasty)

104
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture (herniorrhaphy)

105
Q

-stomy

A

creation of an opening (colostomy)

106
Q

-tomy

A

incision (dermotomy)

107
Q

plural form of -a

A

-ae (larva, larvae)

108
Q

plural form of -ax

A

-aces (thorax, thoraces)

109
Q

plural form of -ex

A

-ices (cortex, cortices)

110
Q

plural form of -ix

A

-ices (appendix, appendices)

111
Q

plural form of -is

A

-es (neurosis, neuroses)

112
Q

plural form of -ma

A

-mata (carcinoma, carcinomata)

113
Q

plural form of -on

A

-a (ganglion, ganglia)

114
Q

plural form of -um

A

-a (ovum, ova)

115
Q

plural form of -us

A

-i (nucleus, nuclei)

116
Q

plural form of -y

A

-ies (biopsy, biopsies)

117
Q

a-

A

not (aphasia)

118
Q

an-

A

not (anemia)

119
Q

anti-

A

against (antibiotics)

120
Q

contra-

A

against (contraceptive)

121
Q

ante-

A

before

122
Q

pre-

A

before

123
Q

pro-

A

before, on behalf of (probiotic)

124
Q

brady-

A

slow (bradycardia)

125
Q

tachy-

A

fast (tachycardia)

126
Q

post-

A

after

127
Q

re-

A

again

128
Q

ab-

A

away (abduct)

129
Q

ad-

A

toward (adrenaline)

130
Q

circum-

A

around

131
Q

peri-

A

around

132
Q

dia-

A

through (diagnostic)

133
Q

trans-

A

through (translate)

134
Q

e-

A

out (evoke)

135
Q

ec-

A

out (ectopic)

136
Q

ex-

A

out (exhale)

137
Q

ecto-

A

outside (ectoderm)

138
Q

exo-

A

outside (exoskeleton)

139
Q

extra-

A

outside

140
Q

en-

A

in, inside (enema)

141
Q

endo-

A

in, inside (endocrine)

142
Q

intra-

A

in, inside (intravenous)

143
Q

epi-

A

upon (epididymus)

144
Q

sub-

A

beneath (subcutaneous)

145
Q

inter-

A

between (intercostal)

146
Q

bi-

A

two (bilateral)

147
Q

hemi-

A

half (hemiplegia)

148
Q

semi-

A

half (semilunar)

149
Q

hyper-

A

over (hyperthermia)

150
Q

hypo-

A

under (hypothermia)

151
Q

macro-

A

large

152
Q

micro-

A

small

153
Q

mono-

A

one

154
Q

uni-

A

one

155
Q

oligo-

A

few (oligomenorrhea)

156
Q

pan-

A

all (pancytopenia)

157
Q

poly-

A

many

158
Q

multi-

A

many (multicellular)

159
Q

con-

A

with, together (congestion)

160
Q

syn-

A

with, together (syndrome)

161
Q

sym-

A

with, together (symmetry)

162
Q

dys-

A

bad (dysentery)

163
Q

eu-

A

good (euphoria)

164
Q

what is a combining vowel?

A

usually, /o or /i, makes it easier to combine the root with other root parts (cardi/o, the “/o” is the combining vowel)

165
Q

when is the combining vowel used?

A

1) to combine the root + suffix beginning wtih a consonant (splen/o + megaly = splenomegaly)
2) to combine two roots together (hepat/o + splen/o + megaly = hepatosplenomegaly)
3) to combine two roots together even when the 2nd one starts with a vowel (gastr/o + enter/o + logy = gastroenterology)

166
Q

when is a combining vowel NOT used?

A

to join a root to a suffix that starts with a vowel (my/o + algia = myalgia)

167
Q

what is the order to use when translating medical terms?

A

1) suffix first (provides additional context)
2) prefix (if one is present)
3) root (or roots)

(example: arthritis > arthr/itis > joint/inflammation > inflammation of the joint)

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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