Ch. 9 Flashcards
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Flashbulb memory
Persistence of learning over time through the storage & retrieval of info.
Memory
Processing information into the memory system
Encoding
Retention of encoded information over time.
Storage
Process of getting information out of memory storage
Retrieval
Memory from using senses
Sensory memory
Memory retrieving information learned recently
Short-term memory
Info is stored for long periods of time
Long-term memory
Freud’s psychoanalytical theory, defense mechanism that pushes memories into their subconscious.
Repression
Short term memory involves conscious active processing of incoming auditory&visual spatial info & Info retrieved from long term memory
Working memory
Information unconsciously encoded incidental info such as time, space, frequency & well learned info(word meanings)
Automatic processing
Incorporate incorrect information into our memory. (Add events into a story)
Misinformation effect
Believe you remember the memory, but you watched it, heard it, or were told it.
Source amnesia
Some information requires attention & conscious effort. (Rehearsal, spacing effect, serial position effect)
Effortful processing
Conscious repetition of information either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Rehearsal
Tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study practice.
Spacing effect
Recalling best the first and last items on a list
Serial position effect
Encoding visual images
Visual encoding
Encoding sound, especially sound of words
Acoustic encoding
Encoding of meaning, including meaning of words
Semantic encoding
Finding personal meaning
Self-reference effect
Using Visual pictures
Imagery
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery
Mnemonics
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often automatically/natural
Chunking
