Ch. 4 - Developmental Psychology

Question 0

Embryo

Answer 0

2-8 weeks

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

0-2 weeks

Question 2

Fetus

Answer 2

9 weeks to birth

Question 3

Teratogens

Answer 3

Agents, things that are passed from mom to embryo or fetus during development and cause harm. (Alcohol, drugs, cigarettes)

Question 4

Rooting reflex

Answer 4

Baby’s natural reflex to open mouth and suck looking to get fed (nipple)

Question 5

Habituation

Answer 5

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. (Adapt to certain responses and don’t notice them anymore)

Question 6

Maturation

Answer 6

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Question 7

Jean Piaget

Answer 7

Best known for studying the cognitive abilities change over the lifespan

Question 8

Schemas

Answer 8

A concept of framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 10

Accommodation

Answer 10

Adapting our new current schemas to incorporate new information

Question 11

Object permanence

Answer 11

The awareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 12

Egocentrism

Answer 12

In piagets theory, preoperational Childs difficulty taking another’s point of view

Question 13

Conservation

Answer 13

Piagets theory the belief that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Question 14

Preoperational stage

Answer 14

Ages 2-6/7

Question 15

Theory of mind

Answer 15

Peoples ides about their own

Question 16

Autism

Answer 16

Disorder that appears in childhood and is “mind blind”

Question 17

Concrete operational stage

Answer 17

Age 6/7 - 11. Understanding of conservation. Shows more logical thinking. 8+4=12, 12-4=8

Question 18

Formal operational stage

Answer 18

Piaget’s theory. Stage when people think abstract. begins about 12.

Question 19

Stranger anxiety

Answer 19

Fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

Question 20

Harry Harlow

Answer 20

Emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

Question 21

Insecure attachment

Answer 21

Emotional and physical feeling of secureness and withdrawal from the object with out it

Question 22

Secure attachment

Answer 22

Children play and explore comfortably in the mothers presence

Question 23

Critical period

Answer 23

An optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

Question 24

Imprinted

Answer 24

The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.

Question 25

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 25

Body structures enable reproduction. (Menarche,spermarche)

Question 26

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 26

Non-reproductive sexual characteristics

Question 27

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 27

Described the development of moral reasoning, the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong.

Question 28

Preconventional morality

Answer 28

During this stage of character development, children obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards. (Before age 9) (bubble gum tape)

Question 29

Conventional morality

Answer 29

By this stage of character development, children uphold laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules. (By early adolescence)

Question 30

Postconventional morality

Answer 30

By young adulthood, (around 15-16) p pole begin to affirm their own agreed upon rights or follows what one personally perceives as basic ethical principles

Question 31

Erik erikson

Answer 31

Psychosocial development. 8 stages from birth to death

Question 32

Toddlerhood (stage 1)

Answer 32

Autonomy vs. shame (1-2). Independence through experience

Question 33

Preschooler (stage 3)

Answer 33

Initiative vs. guilt. Developing an ability to initiate ones own activity and see it thru. Show their creativity

Question 34

Elementary school (stage 4)

Answer 34

Industry (competence) vs. inferiority. Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to a task, feel inferior.

Question 35

Cross sectional study

Answer 35

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another.

Question 35

Longitudinal study

Answer 35

Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period

Question 36

Social clock

Answer 36

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement