ch 9

Question 1

obesity

Answer 1

more than 20% increase over healthy weight BMI 85th percentile - over weight, 95th obease

Question 2

rough and tumble play

Answer 2

friendly chasing and play fighting

Question 3

dominance hierarchy

Answer 3

stable ordering of group members that predict who will win when conflict arises

Question 4

concrete operational stage

Answer 4

7-11 years compared with an early stage childhood thought is far more logical, flexible and organized

Question 5

reversibility

Answer 5

capacity to think through series of steps then mentally reverse direction

Question 6

seriation

Answer 6

ability to order items along a quantitative dimension such a length or overweight

Question 7

transitive inference

Answer 7

ability of a concrete operational child who can seriate mentally

Question 8

cognitive maps

Answer 8

mentally representations of familiar large scale spaces such as neighborhoods or school

Question 9

ADHD

Answer 9

involves inattention, impulsivity and excessive motor activity resulting in academic and social problem

Question 10

rehearsal

Answer 10

reporting information to self, first appears in early grade school years

Question 11

organization

Answer 11

grouping related items together

Question 12

elaboration

Answer 12

creating a relationship or shared meaning between two or more pieces of information that do not belong to the same category

Question 13

cognitive self-regulation

Answer 13

the process of continuously monitoring progress toward a goal checking outcomes and redirecting unsuccessful efforts

Question 14

whole language approach

Answer 14

argued that from the beginning children should be exposed to text in complete form so that they can appreciate the communicative function of written language i.e. stories, letters, lists

Question 15

phonics approach

Answer 15

believing that children should first be coached on phonics - the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds, only after mastering these skills should they get complex reading material

Question 16

triarchic theory of successful intelligence

Answer 16

identifies three broad interacting intelligences 1-analytical intelligence or information precessing skills 2 creative intelligence - capacity to solve novel problems 3 practical intelligence - application of intellectual skills in everyday situations

Question 17

intelligent behavior

Answer 17

involves balancing all three aspects of triarchic theory to succeed in life according to one’s personal goals and the requirements of ones cultural community

Question 18

theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 18

defines intelligence in terms of distinct sets of processing operations that permit individuals to engage in a wide range of culturally valued activities. demising the idea of general intelligences, gardner proposes at least eight independent intelligences

Question 19

emotional intelligence

Answer 19

refers to a set of emotional abilities that enable individuals to process and adapt to emotional information. measured by kills enabling people to manage their own emotions and interact competency with others

Question 20

sterotype threat

Answer 20

fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype and can trigger anxiety that interferes with performance

Question 21

dynamic assessment

Answer 21

innovation consistent with Vygotskys zone of proximal development, an adult introduces purposeful teaching into the testing situation to find out what the child can attain with the social support

Question 22

traditional classroom

Answer 22

teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules and decision making. students are relatively passive - listening resounding when called on and completing teacher - assigned tasks. their progress is evaluated by how well they keep pace with a uniform set of standards for their grade

Question 23

constructivist classroom

Answer 23

encourage students to construct their own knowledge. based on piagets theory, graded based on development compared to prior progress

Question 24

social-constructivst classrooms

Answer 24

children participate in a wide range of challenging activities with teachers and peers, with whom they jointly construct understandings. as children acquire knowledge and straggles thought working together they become competent contributing members of their classroom community and advance in cognitive and social development

Question 25

cooperative learning

Answer 25

in which small groups of classmates work toward common goals - by resolving differences of opinion, sharing responsibilities and providing one another wit sufficient explanations to correct misunderstandings

Question 26

educational self fulfilling prophecies

Answer 26

children may adopt teachers positive or negative views and start to live up to them

Question 27

inclusive classrooms

Answer 27

student with learning difficulties learn alongside typical students in regular educational setting for all or part of the school day - practice designed t prepare them for participation in society and combat prejudices

Question 28

learning disabilities

Answer 28

great difficulty with one or more aspects of learning usually reading, and thus achievement is far behind what would be expected based on IQ

Question 29

gifted

Answer 29

displaying exceptional intellectual strengths

Question 30

creativity

Answer 30

ability to produce that is original and appropriate, something others have not thought of that is useful in some way

Question 31

divergent thinking

Answer 31

the generation of multiple and unusual possibilities when faced with a task or problem

Question 32

convergent thinking

Answer 32

involves arriving at a single correct answer and is emphasized on intelligence tests

Question 33

talent

Answer 33

outstanding performance in specific field