ch 9 Flashcards
obesity
more than 20% increase over healthy weight BMI 85th percentile - over weight, 95th obease
rough and tumble play
friendly chasing and play fighting
dominance hierarchy
stable ordering of group members that predict who will win when conflict arises
concrete operational stage
7-11 years compared with an early stage childhood thought is far more logical, flexible and organized
reversibility
capacity to think through series of steps then mentally reverse direction
seriation
ability to order items along a quantitative dimension such a length or overweight
transitive inference
ability of a concrete operational child who can seriate mentally
cognitive maps
mentally representations of familiar large scale spaces such as neighborhoods or school
ADHD
involves inattention, impulsivity and excessive motor activity resulting in academic and social problem
rehearsal
reporting information to self, first appears in early grade school years
organization
grouping related items together
elaboration
creating a relationship or shared meaning between two or more pieces of information that do not belong to the same category
cognitive self-regulation
the process of continuously monitoring progress toward a goal checking outcomes and redirecting unsuccessful efforts
whole language approach
argued that from the beginning children should be exposed to text in complete form so that they can appreciate the communicative function of written language i.e. stories, letters, lists
phonics approach
believing that children should first be coached on phonics - the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds, only after mastering these skills should they get complex reading material
triarchic theory of successful intelligence
identifies three broad interacting intelligences 1-analytical intelligence or information precessing skills 2 creative intelligence - capacity to solve novel problems 3 practical intelligence - application of intellectual skills in everyday situations
intelligent behavior
involves balancing all three aspects of triarchic theory to succeed in life according to one’s personal goals and the requirements of ones cultural community
theory of multiple intelligences
defines intelligence in terms of distinct sets of processing operations that permit individuals to engage in a wide range of culturally valued activities. demising the idea of general intelligences, gardner proposes at least eight independent intelligences
emotional intelligence
refers to a set of emotional abilities that enable individuals to process and adapt to emotional information. measured by kills enabling people to manage their own emotions and interact competency with others
sterotype threat
fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype and can trigger anxiety that interferes with performance
dynamic assessment
innovation consistent with Vygotskys zone of proximal development, an adult introduces purposeful teaching into the testing situation to find out what the child can attain with the social support
traditional classroom
teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules and decision making. students are relatively passive - listening resounding when called on and completing teacher - assigned tasks. their progress is evaluated by how well they keep pace with a uniform set of standards for their grade
constructivist classroom
encourage students to construct their own knowledge. based on piagets theory, graded based on development compared to prior progress
social-constructivst classrooms
children participate in a wide range of challenging activities with teachers and peers, with whom they jointly construct understandings. as children acquire knowledge and straggles thought working together they become competent contributing members of their classroom community and advance in cognitive and social development
cooperative learning
in which small groups of classmates work toward common goals - by resolving differences of opinion, sharing responsibilities and providing one another wit sufficient explanations to correct misunderstandings
educational self fulfilling prophecies
children may adopt teachers positive or negative views and start to live up to them
inclusive classrooms
student with learning difficulties learn alongside typical students in regular educational setting for all or part of the school day - practice designed t prepare them for participation in society and combat prejudices
learning disabilities
great difficulty with one or more aspects of learning usually reading, and thus achievement is far behind what would be expected based on IQ
gifted
displaying exceptional intellectual strengths
creativity
ability to produce that is original and appropriate, something others have not thought of that is useful in some way
divergent thinking
the generation of multiple and unusual possibilities when faced with a task or problem
convergent thinking
involves arriving at a single correct answer and is emphasized on intelligence tests
talent
outstanding performance in specific field
