ch 12

Question 1

identity

Answer 1

majority personality achievement of adolescence and as a crucial step toward becoming a productive content adult. constructing an identity involves defining who you are, what you value and the directions you choose to pursue in life

Question 2

identity v role confusion

Answer 2

psychological conflict of adolescence for erikson. if young peoples earlier conflicts are resolved negatively or if society limits their choices to ones that do not match their abilities and desires they may appear shallow directionless and unprepared for the challenges of adulthood

Question 3

identity achievement

Answer 3

commitment to values of beliefs and goals following a period of exploration

Question 4

identity moratorium

Answer 4

exploration without having reached commitment

Question 5

james marcia

Answer 5

designed clinical interview procedure derived from erikson based on exploration and commitment and give to 4 identity statuses

Question 6

identity foreclosure

Answer 6

commitment in the absence of exploration

Question 7

identity diffusion

Answer 7

apathetic state characterized by lack of both exploration and commitment

Question 8

preconventional level

Answer 8

morality is externally controlled, children accept the rules of authority figures and judge actions by their consequences. behaviors that result in punishment are viewed as bad, those that lead to rewards are good

Question 9

conventional level

Answer 9

individuals continue to regard conformity to social rules as important but not for reasons of self-interest. rather, they believe that actively maintaining the current social system ensures positive relationships and societal order

Question 10

postconventional level

Answer 10

move beyond unquestioning support for their own society’s rules and laws. They define morality in terms of abstract principals and values that apply to all situations and societies

Question 11

moral identity

Answer 11

the degree to which morality is central to self concept

Question 12

gender intensification

Answer 12

increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behavior and movement toward a more traditional gender identity

Question 13

autonomy

Answer 13

sense of one self as separate, self governing individual - becomes salient task during adolescence

Question 14

cliques

Answer 14

5-7 members who are friends and usually resemble one another in family background attitudes and values

Question 15

crowd

Answer 15

several cliques with similar values make up a larger more loosely organized group