ch 9 Flashcards
autonomic nervous sytem
regulates automatic stuff like heart rate
visceral motor system
autonomic
controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle
ANS two divisions
sympahtetic, parasympahtathetic
sympathetic division
fight or flight
preps body for physical activitty
parasympathic division
calms many body functions to reduce energy expenditure
helps bodily maintenance
autonomic efferct innervation has how many neruons after
2
preganglionic neuron
myelinated preganglionic fiber
autonomic nerve system effects can be
excitatory and inhibitory
nicotinic ACh receptors in (2)
all autonmic ganglia,
skeletal muscles
muscarinic ACh receptros produce what effect and where
parasympathetic nerve effect in
heart,
smooth muscles,
and glands
norepinephrine is released by - neuron in the
postganglionic neuron in SNS
alpha adrenergic receptors are found in - muscle and use what messenger system
smooth muscle
Ca second messenger system
beta adrenergic receptors are found in - muscle and use what messenger system
cardiac and smooth muscle
cAMP second messenger system
alpha 1 receptor for
vasconstriction
increase: blood flow, blood pressure, closure for bladder
alpha 2 receptors for
stoping norepinephrine, acetylcholine, insulin release
beat 1 receptor for
raising heart rate,
lipolysis,
myocardial contractility,
beta 2 receptors for
vasodilation,
lowering peripheral resistance,
raising glycogenolysis,
raising glucagon,
relaxes uterine smooth muscle
beta 3 is in
adipose tissue
will help break down brown fat tissue
sympathetic division is called
thoracolumbar bc it
exits at like t1-l2 spinal cords
soma of preganlionic neruon in
lateral horn
white ramus
pre ganglionic neuron
gray ramus
post ganglionic neuron
collateral ganglion
not in chain
go thru splananchinic nerve to rami
post ganglion will release what neurotransmitters
noreinepherine and epinephrine
post ganglion response, alpha receptor is excitatory for and inhibitory
excitatory for smooth muscles
dialate pupils n stuff
inhibitory for smooth muscle in GI tract
post ganglion beta receptor excitatory and inhibitory
excitatory for cardiac, inhibitory for smooth
increase heartrate
adrenal glands contains what kind of
modded sympathetic ganglion consisting of modded postganglionic neurons (ananonic)
adrenal glands consist of what type of receptors (2 type)
Catecholamines—
85% epinephrine
(adrenaline) and 15%
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
neuropharmacology
study of drugs on the nervous system
sympathomimetics are, and their effect
adrenergic agonists
enhance sympathetic activity
stim receptors or increase NE release
sympatholytics are, and their effect
adrenergic antagonists
suppress activity
blocke receptors or inhibit NE release
preganglionic will release what neurotransmitter
ACH
preganglionic receptor is what type
nicotinic
postganlionic response effect and start where
excitatory- starts AP on postsynaptic neruon
where are alpha adrenergic receptors found
uterus iris skin,
blood vessels
sphincters
GI tract
basically smooth muscle
beta adrenergic receptors found in what organs
heart
lungs
bladder
blood vessels to skeletal muscle
alpha receptor excitatory for
smooth muscle
Uterus
* Iris (dilation)
* Piloerector muscles
* Cutaneous blood vessels
* Sphincters (dig. & uri.)
* Sweat glands
alpha receptor inhibitory for
Gi tract
beta excitatory for
cardiac muscle
beta inhibitory
smooth muscle
Bronchiole tree (bronchodilation)
* Bladder
* Blood vessels to skeletal muscles
(vasodilation
parasympathetic division
calms body functions reducing energy expenditure and assist in bodily maintenance
craniosacral divison of parasympathetic include what nerves
oculomotor nerve
facial nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve
parasympathetic oculomotor will
narrow pupil focus lense
parasympathetic facial will
tear, nasal, and salivary
parasympathetic glossopharyngeal will
parotid salivary
parasympathetic vagus affect what systems
digestive, cardiac, pulmonary
parasympathetic nerve pregaglion will release
ACH
parasympathetic preganglion receptor
nicotinic
parasympathetic preganglion response
exciatory
parasympathetic postanglionic recpetor
muscarininc
parasympathetic postanglionic release
ACh
parasympathetic postanglionic/ musanaric ACH receptor response
smooth muscle will contract
glands secrete
heart relaxes
Parasympathomimetics
enhance parasympathetic
activity
* Stimulate receptors or increase acetylcholine release
agonist
Parasympatholytics
suppress parasympathetic activity
* Block receptors or inhibit acetylcholine release
antangonist
autonomic tone
normal background rate of activity that represents the balance of two systems according to the bodies need
Parasympathetic tone
- Maintains smooth muscle tone in intestines
- Holds resting heart rate to about 70 to 80 beats/minute (Vagal
tone)
Sympathetic tone
- Keeps most blood vessels partially constricted and maintains blood
pressure
hyperopia
farsighted
hyperopia focal point is
behind the retina
corrective lense for hyperopia
convex to bring it forward
dual innervation
target organa recieves nerve fibers from both the SNS and the PSNS
antagonistic effect
the two systems work against eachother
cooperative effect
the two systems will work together
sympatheic effect on eye
pupil dialated
parasympathetic effect on pupil
pupil contract
Sympathetic vasomotor tone
—baseline firing frequency of
sympathetic nerve fibers
less firing= vasodialation
more firing= more
NO dual innervation
the boss of intergration in ANS
hypothalamus
brain stem regulates
pupil size, hear, blood pressure, airflow, salivation
spinal cordexes
reflexes for urination, decation, erection, and JORKING IT
mid brain
reflexes
norepinephrine binds to
adrenergic recpetor
parasympathetic postgang neuron
ACh
sympathetic adrenergic fiber postgang neruon
NE and ACh
alpha receptorAdrenergic
effects include stimulation of the heart, vasoconstriction in the viscera and skin, bronchodilation, and glycogenolysis in the liver
All postganglionic parasympathetic fibers are
cholinergic
Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers are
adrenergic
(use norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter).
